摘要
由北宋史学家司马光编撰的《资治通鉴》包含丰富的统计数据,涵盖户籍人口、赋税徭役、军情战报、农业生产等诸多方面,是研究我国古代政府统计演变历程极为宝贵的史料基础.为总结历史经验,汲取历史智慧,本文基于对《资治通鉴》中统计活动、统计数据、统计思想和统计方法的细致钩沉与深入解读,聚焦典型案例,突出数据治理,从政府统计工作组织开展情况、政府统计的主要内容,以及防范和惩治统计造假等三个部分对五代及以前时期我国政府统计的状况加以刻画与总结.研究发现:我国古代政府统计起步时间早,渐趋成熟和稳定;统计工作历来备受重视,日益成为国家治理的有效工具和相关决策的重要基础;统计造假问题时有发生,防范和惩处力度较大;统计数据的收集利用程度与经济社会状况高度相关;统计与其他领域深度融合,专门的统计问题研究较为欠缺.
Abstract
Compiled by the Northern Song historian Sima Guang,Zi Zhi Tong Jian contains a wealth of statistical data covering household registration and population,taxation and corvée,military intelligence,agricultural production and many other aspects,which is an extremely valuable historical basis for studying the evolution of government statistics in ancient China.In order to summarize the historical experience and learn from historical wisdom,this paper is based on a detailed exploration and in-depth interpretation of statistical activities,data,statistical thought and methods in Zi Zhi Tong Jian.Focusing on typical cases and highlighting data governance,this paper portrays and summarizes the situation of government statistics in China during the Five Dynasties and its previous periods from three respects:the organization and implementation of government statistics,the coverage and main contents of government statistics,and the prevention and punishment of statistical fraud.The study finds that:firstly,government statistics in ancient China started early and became more and more mature and stable;secondly,statistics has always been highly valued,and has increasingly become an effective tool for national governance and an important basis for relevant decision-making;thirdly,the problem of statistical fraud occurred from time to time,and the efforts to prevent and punish it were great;fourthly,the degree of collection and utilization of statistical data was highly correlated with the economic and social conditions;and fifthly,statistics was deeply integrated with other fields,and there was a lack of research on specialized statistical issues.
维普
万方数据