碳定价机制与"双碳"约束下我国经济高质量发展——目标协同与作用机理
Carbon Pricing Mechanisms and China's High-Quality Economic Development under "Dual Carbon" Targets:Collaborative Targets and Mechanism Analysis
岳童 1童健2
作者信息
- 1. 北京化工大学经济管理学院
- 2. 中央财经大学财政税务学院
- 折叠
摘要
构建碳定价机制是发挥碳价格资源配置作用的关键.本文构建了包含显性碳定价政策(碳税和碳排放权交易市场)和隐性碳定价政策(绿色金融和政府负碳投资)的宏观经济分析框架,深入剖析碳定价机制的协同效应.研究发现,第一,减碳杠杆效应和经济产出效应是碳定价机制释放碳价格信号,是实现"双碳"约束下经济高质量发展的重要渠道.第二,以减排为核心的碳达峰依赖于"下调碳配额+开征碳税+扩大绿色金融规模+加强政府引导负碳投资"的政策框架;兼顾减排和固碳的碳中和需要"下调碳配额并完善碳排放权交易市场+一般性碳税税负+推动信贷结构低碳转型+扩大社会负碳投资规模"的政策框架.第三,碳定价政策协同要关注以下因素,一是适度调控碳配额并提升碳排放权交易市场的完备性;二是开征碳税作为碳排放权交易市场的替代性政策,初期以同类税负合并的方式开征并动态提升税负水平;三是逐步推动银行信贷结构低碳转型;四是推广负碳技术,通过政府引导、市场定价等方式提升社会资本参与度.本文系统性思考了碳定价机制顶层框架的构建,为我国实现经济绿色低碳转型发展提供了参考.
Abstract
Building a carbon pricing mechanism is essential for carbon prices to play a role in resource allocation.This paper constructs a macroeconomic framework that includes explicit carbon pricing policies(carbon tax and carbon emission trading market)and implicit carbon pricing policies(green finance and government carbon sink investment),and analyzes the coordinated incentive effect of carbon pricing mechanism.Research indicates that both the carbon reduction effect and the economic output effect serve as crucial channels through which carbon price signals are transmitted,facilitating the advancement of high-quality economic development under the constraints of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.The carbon peak focusing on emission reduction relies on the policies of"reducing carbon quota+introducing a carbon tax+increasing green finance+government carbon sink investment".Achieving carbon neutrality,which encompasses both emission reduction and carbon sequestration,necessitates a policy system of"reducing carbon quota and improving the carbon emission trading market+general carbon tax burden+low-carbon transformation of credit structure+expanding market-based carbon sink investment".Therefore,the design of carbon pricing mechanism should focus on four aspects.First is to regulate carbon trading quotas appropriately and improve the completeness of the carbon emission trading market.Second is to implement a carbon tax as an alternative policy to the carbon emission trading market,which would be introduced by consolidating similar taxes and then gradually increasing the tax rate.Third is to gradually promote the low-carbon transformation of China's banking credit structure.Fourth is to promote carbon-negative technologies,increasing the participation of social capital through government guidance and market pricing.This article systematically considers the construction of the top-level framework for the carbon pricing mechanism,providing a reference for China to achieve economic transition.
关键词
碳定价机制/碳税/碳排放权交易市场/绿色金融Key words
Carbon Pricing Mechanism/Carbon Tax/Carbon Emission Trading Market/Green Finance引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目(23FJYA003)
国家社会科学基金重大项目(19ZDA075)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(71903207)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(72103032)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据