Soil samples were collected from the lowland rainforest secondary forests,montane rainforest secondary forests,and montane rainforest primary forests in the Jianfengling of Hainan Island,absolute quantification PCR and high-throughput sequencing technology were used to explore the diversity and composition of carbon sequestering microbial community structure in soil and its influencing factors.The results showed that both α diversity and gene quantity of carbon-fixing microorganisms were higher in lowland rainforest secondary forest than in montane rainforest primary forest.The dominant phyla of soil carbon-fixing microorganisms in the Jianfengling rainforest were Actinomycetota(11.95%-33.73%)and Pseudomonadota(44.28%-70.60%),the dominant genera were Bradyrhizobium(11.53%-31.06%),Nocardia(4.97%-17.07%),Mesorhizobium(4.44%-12.97%),Mycobacterium(2.62%-9.20%),Blastochloris(4.34%-10.12%),Aromatoleum(1.97%-5.39%),Mycolicibacterium(1.71%-3.78%),Azospirillum(1.97%-2.65%)and Methylibium(1.22%-3.77%),and facultative autotrophs were predominant.PCoA and LEfSe analyses revealed the differences in soil carbon sequestration microbial communities among the three forest types of tropical rainforest,with marker species belonging to Actinomycetes,γ-Proteobacteria,α-Proteobacteria andβ-Proteobacteria,respectively.RDA analysis showed that total nitrogen,total phosphorus,organic carbon and readily oxidizable carbon were important soil factors for the differences.