Controlled-release urea and organic materials can increase the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of winter rapeseed in yellow soil
In order to provide a scientific basis for fertility improvement of yellow soil and improvement of the yield and quality of winter rapeseed in Guizhou,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of controlled-release urea and different organic materials on the yield,nutrient absorption and utilization of winter rapeseed in yellow soil.From 2018 to 2022,the long-term positioning test of controlled-release urea and different organic materials addition was carried out in Guiyang city,Guizhou province for four consecutive years.With winter rapeseed as the test material,without nitrogen fertilizer(U0),controlled release urea(CRU180)and common urea(U180)were set up,and three kinds of organic materials[straw(U180+S),biochar(U180+B)and commercial organic fertilizer(U180+O),3000 kg/hm2]were applied respectively under the application of common urea.After the harvest of winter rapeseed,the yield,yield components,aboveground biomass,nutrient absorption and utilization of winter rapeseed under different treatments were measured,respectively.The results showed that compared with U0 treatment,the yield of winter rapeseed in CRU180 treatment and U180 treatment were increased by 732.5 and 588.8 kg/hm2,respectively.After applying organic materials,the yield of winter rapeseed in U180+S,U180+B and U180+O treatments were increased by 516.9,662.6 and 622.0 kg/hm2,respectively,compared with U180 treatment.The yield of winter rapeseed in U180+B treatment was the highest with 2646.8 kg/hm2.Compared with U0 treatment,the aboveground biomass of winter rapeseed was increased significantly under CRU180 and U180 treatment;Compared with U180 treatment,organic materials significantly increased the aboveground biomass of winter rapeseed,U180+B treatment was the best in four years,but there was no significant difference with U180+S and U180+O treatment.The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in winter rapeseed was the largest in U180+B treatment,and the 4-year average values were 164.7,31.9 and 139.1 kg/hm2,respectively.The nitrogen agronomic efficiency(AEN),partial productivity(PEPN)and recovery efficiency(REN)of CRU180 treatment were higher than those of U180 treatment;After applying organic materials,the AEN,PEPN and REN of winter rapeseed under U180+S,U180+B and U180+O treatment showed an increasing trend compared with U180 treatment,and U180+B treatment was the highest,which were 6.95 kg/kg,14.70 kg/kg and 38.43%,respectively.The economic benefit of U180+S of winter rapeseed was 7109.9 yuan/hm2,it was higher than that of other treatments.In summary,the addition of controlled-release urea and organic materials(straw,biochar and commercial organic fertilizer)can improve the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of winter rapeseed,and the yield of winter rapeseed with biochar is the highest,but the economic benefit of winter rapeseed with straw is the best.It is suggested that in the growing season of winter rapeseed in Guizhou yellow soil area,under the condition of normal fertilizer application rate,controlled-release urea can be used instead of conventional urea,and exogenous organic materials should be properly applied to ensure the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency of winter rapeseed.
controlled-release ureaorganic materialsyellow soilwinter rapeseedyieldnutrient absorption and utilization
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