摘要
研究化肥减量及其与有机肥、土壤调理剂和功能肥配施对盐碱稻田土壤肥力、细菌群落多样性及水稻生长发育的影响,以期为该地区盐碱稻田化肥减量增效提供理论依据.通过连续两年田间试验,以水稻'1747'为供试材料,共设5个施肥处理,分别为100％化肥(CF)、化肥减量20％(RF)、化肥减量20％配施有机肥(OF)、化肥减量20％配施土壤调理剂(SC)、化肥减量20％配施功能肥(FF).结果表明,RF较CF处理降低土壤pH和可溶性盐总量,降幅分别为0.58％和7.17％,且在减量施肥条件下,OF、SC和FF处理显著降低土壤Na+、Ca2+、HCO3-、Cl-含量,同时提高土壤肥力.化肥减量配施处理(OF、SC、FF)提高土壤细菌群落多样性,同时改变土壤细菌群落门结构,增加放线菌门、变形菌门和芽单胞菌门等富营养菌群,减少绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门等贫营养菌群.RDA分析表明,影响细菌群落门结构的主要因素为有效磷、速效钾和全氮.与CF处理相比,化肥减量配施处理(OF、SC、FF)增加水稻穗长、穗粒数、千粒重及产量,增幅分别为3.56％～6.48％、11.20％～24.95％、8.81％～6.28％、6.04％～18.39％.综合分析,化肥减量20％配施功能肥提高土壤肥力和细菌群落多样性,从而促进水稻生长发育,可实现盐碱土壤改良、水稻生产可持续的目的.
Abstract
To study the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and its application with organic fertilizer,soil conditioner,and functional fertilizer on soil fertility,bacterial community diversity,and rice growth and development in saline rice fields to provide a theoretical basis for chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement in saline rice fields in this region.In this study,rice'1747'was used as the test material for two consecutive years,and five fertilizer treatments were setup,namely,100％chemical fertilizer treatment(CF),20％chemical fertilizer reduction(RF),20％chemical fertilizer reduction with organic fertilizer(OF),20％chemical fertilizer reduction with soil conditioner(SC),and 20％chemical fertilizer reduction with functional fertilizer(FF).The results showed that the RF treatment reduced soil pH and total solubility salt for two consecutive years by 0.58％and 7.17％,respectively,compared to the CF treatment.And under reduced chemical fertilizer application,OF,SC,and FF treatments significantly reduced soil Na+,Ca2+,HCO3-,and Cl-contents,and also improved soil fertility.The chemical fertilizer reduction rationing treatments(OF,SC,FF)enhanced the diversity of soil bacterial communities,while changing the structure of soil bacterial community phyla,increasing nutrient rich bacterial communities such as Actinobacteria,Proteobacteria,and Bacillus,and reducing nutrient poor bacterial communities such as Chlorobacteria and Acidobacteria.RDA analysis showed that the main factors affecting the bacterial community phylum structure were available phosphorus,available potassium,and total nitrogen.Compared with CF treatment,the chemical fertilizer reduction rationing treatments(OF,SC,FF)increased rice spike length,grain number,thousand-grain weight,and yield by 3.56％-6.48％,11.20％-24.95％,8.81％-6.28％,and 6.04％-18.39％,respectively.In a comprehensive analysis,the 20％reduction of chemical fertilizer with functional fertilizer can effectively improve saline soil fertility,and bacterial community diversity,thus promoting rice growth and development,which can achieve the purpose of saline soil improvement and sustainable rice development.
维普
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