Effects of side deep fertilization of nitrogen on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in China:a meta-analysis
The effect of side deep fertilization of nitrogen(SDN)on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under different conditions was investigated to provide a theoretical basis for precise fertilization of nitrogen for rice.By collecting published literature,this study established a database of rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under 214 groups of SDN and broadcast of nitrogen(BN).The meta-analysis method was used to study the improvement of SDN on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency under different rice planting areas,soil physicochemical properties,nitrogen application rates and so on.The random forest analysis was used for the main controlling factors of SDN's impacts.SDN could significantly improve yield,nitrogen partial factor productivity,nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen recovery efficiency by 4.57％,4.57％,23.94％and 21.11％,respectively.For the different planting areas,the yield improvement of SDN was the largest in Northeast rice area.Different rice types had different increase rates in SDN yield and nitrogen use efficiency,ranked as Japonica rice(6.85％)＞Indica rice(5.11％),and Hybrid rice had no significant effects on yield increase rate.In terms of the improvement of SDN on nitrogen agronomic efficiency and nitrogen recovery efficiency,it ranked as Indica＞Japonica rice＞Hybrid rice.Under different crop types,the yield increase rate of SDN was single-season rice(7.39％)＞double-season rice(2.00％),and the increase of nitrogen use efficiency was single-season rice＞double-season rice.Soil properties total nitrogen＜2 g/kg and available nitrogen＜150 mg/kg had greatly improved the rice yield.When nitrogen fertilization rate of SDN was ≤150 kg/hm2 and top-dressing nitrogen application,both the rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency were greatly improved.The results of random forest analysis showed that the increase of SDN on rice yield was mainly affected by soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus and nitrogen application rate,while nitrogen use efficiency increase rate was mainly affected by available nitrogen,nitrogen application rate and available phosphorus.SDN can significantly improve rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency.And the use of side deep fertilization of nitrogen in Southern rice area and Yangtze River basin did not increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency as well as Northeast rice area.SDN was conducive to increasing the yield and efficiency of rice in soil with low nitrogen content.Nitrogen application rate of SDN should not exceed 150 kg/hm2.Enhanced-efficiency nitrogen fertilizers,topdressing nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer combined with SDN are beneficial to increase the sustainability production of rice.
riceside deep fertilizationnitrogenyieldnitrogen use efficiency
万方数据
维普
