摘要
土壤剖面观察及描述是土壤分类的基础工作,而各层次性状分析是土壤健康评估的重要参考指标.以松嫩平原为主要研究区域,选取4种不同类型土壤:黑钙土(HGT)、厚层黑土(HHT)、薄层黑土(BHT)、风沙土(FST),在垂直和水平两种空间尺度上开展剖面对比调查工作.调查结果指出,4种土壤中HHT和BHT质地最为黏重,而FST质地最轻.另外,除FST外,其他3种土壤随土层深度增加砂粒含量逐渐升高,HGT、HHT、BHT分别升高了 21％、125％、122％,质地逐渐变轻.土壤剖面颜色随土层深度增加而逐渐加深,HHT剖面整体颜色较其他土壤相比较深.土壤pH随土层深度加深呈逐渐升高的趋势,HGT、HHT、BHT、FST分别提高了58％、44％、22％、37％,HHT 土体pH显著高于其他土壤类型(P＜0.05).土壤有机碳(SOC)随剖面深度增加呈下降的趋势,HGT、HHT、BHT、FST中SOC含量分别降低了 21％、41％、26％、23％,其中HHT在0～60 cm土层中SOC含量显著高于其他类型土壤.土壤养分含量随剖面深度加深同样呈逐渐降低的趋势,4种类型土壤中碱解氮、速效钾和有效磷含量随土层加深分别降低了 38.1％～68.2％、46.3％～98.3％和100％.综合分析,在垂直空间尺度上,土壤随深度增加发育程度减弱,有机质及养分含量降低,表层土壤酸化现象显著.在水平空间尺度上,厚层黑土的发育程度高于其他类型土壤.
Abstract
Soil profile survey and description is the basic work of soil classification.Physicochemical properties analysis of soil profile is the essential work in evaluating soil qualities.Taking Songnen Plain as the research area,four different soil types were included:chernozem(HGT),thick layer black soil(HHT),thin layer black soil(BHT),aeolian soil(FST).The investigation was comparatively carried out through vertical and horizontal ways.Results showed that the texture of HHT and BHT were finer than other soil types,and HGT had the coarsest texture.Sand content were increased by 21％in HGT,125％in HHT,122％in BHT,respectively,with the deepening of soil layer,and textures were becoming coarser in all soil types,except for FST.Soil color became darker with the deepen depth,and HHT profile color was darker than other soil types.Soil pH exhibited increased trend with the depth deepening,the soil pH in HGT,HHT,BHT,FST were raised by 58％,44％,22％,37％,respectively.The pH of HHT was significantly higher than other soil types(P＜0.05).Soil organic carbon(SOC)in HGT,HHT,BHT,FST were decreased by 21％,41％,26％,23％along with the deepening soil layers,respectively.The SOC content in 0-60 cm of HHT was significantly higher than other soil types.Soil nutrients were declined with the soil depth,the available nitrogen,available potassium and available phosphorus in different soil types were averagely reduced by 38.1％-68.2％,46.3％-98.3％and 100％,respectively.From these results,it can be summarized that,on vertical scale,soil development degree,SOC content and soil nutrients were all weakened with soil layer deepening and a significant acidification were found in top soil layers.On horizontal scale,layer black soil has a higher development degree than other soil types.
基金项目
科技部基础资源调查专项(2021FY100402)
维普
万方数据