Survey research on'production-sale-usage'chain of compound fertilizer and the suggestions for industrial development in Jilin province
The status of production,sale and usage of compound fertilizer were evaluated in Jilin Province by surveying the typical fertilizer enterprises and fertilizer distributors and farmers across different regions,and provided references for promoting regional fertilizer industrial development and reducing fertilizer input while improving fertilizer use efficiency.The sampled questionnaire survey methods were adopted across fertilizer enterprises,township-level fertilizer distributors and maize farmers in Jilin province during 2021-2022,and eventually received 20,85 and 255 valid questionnaires,respectively.The fertilizer types and nutrient contents were evaluated for'production-sale-usage'chain of compound fertilizer in Jilin province,as well as the population characteristics for each part in this chain,the existing problems were also summarized and explored to propose the countermeasure and suggestion for regional compound fertilizer industry.The input of compound fertilizer increased continually for agriculture production in Jilin province during the past 40 years,and the current compound percentage of fertilizer had reached 70％and which is far higher than the national average level.Overall,the average percentages were 46.1％and 53.9％for complex and bulk blending fertilizers,respectively,and the average percentage was 51.6％for slow/controlled release fertilizer,across the fertilizer enterprises in this survey.Significant differences were observed in compound fertilizer types between fertilizer enterprises with various scales.The main fertilizer type was complex fertilizer for large-and medium-scale fertilizer enterprises(percentages as 75.4％and 58.9％,respectively),while which was bulk blending fertilizer for small-scale fertilizer enterprises(percentage as 85.5％),and the average percentages of slow/controlled release fertilizer were 21.7％,50.6％and 74.8％for large-,medium-and small-scale fertilizer enterprises,respectively.Most of township-level fertilizer distributors sell 3-4 fertilizer brands(percentage as 55％),and the average percentages was 46.7％for fertilizer produced by local enterprises.Across all the distributors,the average selling percentages are 47.9％and 52.1％for complex and bulk blending fertilizers,respectively,and which is 37.4％for slow/controlled release fertilizer.On average,76％of the farmers adopt one-time fertilization method in maize production.For farmers across the Jilin province,the average application percentages are 43.6％and 56.4％for complex and bulk blending fertilizers,respectively,and which was 42.7％for slow/controlled release fertilizer.Compared with western region,the sale and usage percentages were higher for both bulk blending fertilizer and slow/controlled release fertilizer in eastern and middle regions of Jilin province.The fertilizer product with total nutrient content ranging in 45％-50％and that with nitrogen(N)content exceeding 25％were the dominant products across the production,sale and usage of compound fertilizer.The percentage of fertilizer product with high N content was greater for small-scale fertilizer enterprise as compared to other enterprises,and the product percentages of those with total nutrient content exceeding 50％and N content exceeding 25％were greater in eastern and middle regions relative to western region.The majority of fertilizer distributors and farmers were in the age ranges of 40-50 and 50-60 years old,respectively,and majority education levels were high school and middle school,respectively.The percentages were 38.8％and 19.6％for fertilizer distributors and farmers,respectively,for those who believed that the controlled fertilizer materials had potential pollution risk when applied in soils,and most of them had higher education level and lower ages.The primary considering factor was fertilizer price when farmers choosing fertilizers(percentage as 24.9％),and followed by fertilization effectiveness,fertilizer brand and distributor publicity.In Jilin province,the bulk blending fertilizers and those with high nutrient content and N content had become the current majority products for'production-sale-usage'chain of compound fertilizer,and the percentage of slow/controlled release fertilizer also increased dramatically.In future,compound fertilizer chain should be improved by promoting fertilizer legislation,innovating fertilizer products,optimizing marketing pattern and enhancing agricultural chemistry service,and further to advance industrial transformation and achieve agricultural green development.
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