Effects of long-term different fertilization on maize yield,nitrogen transport and soil nitrogen accumulation
This research aimed to study the effects of different long-term fertilizer treatments on maize yield,nitrogen transport and utilization,and soil nitrogen accumulation in sandy soils of new reclamation oasis using a fertilizer positioning trial arranged in 2005 in Linze oasis in the central part of the Hexi Corridor,and to provide technical solutions for reasonable fertilizer applications for maize production in regional sandy farmlands.Nine treatments were applied:high organic fertilizer(M3:2.4 t·hm-2 organic fortilizer),high NP fertilizer(NP3:N 300 kg·hm-2 and P2O5 225 kg·hm-2),low NP fertilizer with high organic fertilizer(NP1M3:N 150 kg·hm-2,P2O5 90 kg·hm-2 and 2.4 t·hm-2 organic fertilizer),low NPK fertilizer(NPK1:N 150 kg·hm-2,P2O5 90 kg·hm-2 and K2O 90 kg·hm-2),medium NPK fertilizer(NPK2:N 225 kg·hm-2,P2O5 135 kg·hm-2 and K2O 135 kg·hm-2),high NPK fertilizer(NPK3:N 300 kg·hm-2,P2O5 225 kg·hm-2 and K2O 225 kg·hm-2,for regional farmers'fertilizer application level),low NPK fertilizer with high organic fertilizer(NPK1M3:N 150 kg·hm-2,P2O5 90 kg·hm-2,K2O 90 kg·hm-2 and 2.4 t·hm-2 organic fortilizer),medium NPK fertilizer with medium organic fertilizer(NPK2M2:N 225 kg·hm-2,P2O5 135 kg·hm-2,K2O 135 kg·hm-2 and 1.8 t·hm-2 organic fertilizer)and high NPK fertilizer with low organic fertilizer(NPK3M1:N300 kg·hm-2,P2O5 225 kg·hm-2,K2O 225 kg·hm-2 and 1.2 t·hm-2 organic fertilizer).The maize-maize-soybean rotation was adopted.The maize was sampled in 2021,and the characteristics of maize yield and nitrogen transport and utilization under different fertilizer treatments over a long period of time were analyzed.Results were as follows:(1)There were no significant differences in maize yield when comparing NP3,NPK3 and NP1M3 treatment for 17 consecutive years,indicating that potassium was not a major limiting factor in reclaiming sandy farmland with a short utilization period,and organic fertilizer application could provide the potassium nutrients required by the crop;The maize yield was significantly higher with high amount of NPK fertilizer and NPK chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer than with low and medium amount of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer alone.There was no significant difference in maize yield and straw biomass between the long-term organic fertilizer treatment(M3)and the four treatments(NP3,NPK1,NPK2 and NPK3)applied with chemical fertilizer alone,and the yield of M3 treatment even exceeded that of the NPK1 and NPK2 treatments.The maize yield and straw biomass were the highest in the NPK1M3,NPK2M2 and NPK1M3 treatments,with little difference between them.(2)Nitrogen accumulation at the upper ground stage of maize showed high variability among treatments,but the treatments with high fertilizer nitrogen inputs(NP3 and NPK3M1)were significantly higher than the other treatments,with the M3 treatment being the lowest;while nitrogen accumulation at maturity was higher in the treatments with organic fertilizer than in the treatments with chemical fertilizer alone,with the NPK1M3 treatment being the highest,indicating that organic fertilizer provided a more sustained supply of nitrogen than chemical fertilizer.The contribution of nitrogen translocation to the seeds at the spitting stage(62.95%-80.41%)was significantly higher than the contribution of nitrogen accumulation to the seeds after flowering in all treatments,and the nitrogen accumulated before spitting was the main source of nitrogen in maize.(3)Nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers was significantly higher in the organic fertilizer alone and organic-inorganic combination treatments than in the chemical fertilizer alone treatment.In newly reclaimed sandy farmland with low fertility in the oasis,high amounts of chemical fertilizer inputs could achieve higher yields,but the continuous input of organic fertilizer played an important regulatory role in the continuous improvement of crop yields,and the additional application of organic fertilizer could replace partial chemical fertilizer inputs.Long-term organic-inorganic fertilizer application in combination was beneficial to the improvement of soil fertility retention performance and the formation of fertile cultivated layer.
long-term fertilizer experimentfertilization operationmaize yieldnitrogen accumulation and transportsoil nitrogen accumulation
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