摘要
为给西北内陆棉区、长江流域棉区和黄河流域棉区棉花的钾肥施用提供科学依据,采用"零散实验数据整合法""反正弦-对数矫正模型"以及"养分平衡-地力差减法",开展了上述三大棉区棉花土壤速效钾丰缺指标和推荐施钾量研究.结果表明,中国三大棉区土壤速效钾丰缺指标均可划分出 5 级,西北内陆棉区第1～5 级丰缺指标为≥418、166～418、111～166、80～111 和<80 mg/kg;长江流域棉区第 1～5 级丰缺指标为≥357、128～357、81～128、56～81 和<56 mg/kg;黄河流域棉区第 1～5 级丰缺指标为≥213、129～213、102～129、85～102 和<85 mg/kg.三大棉区土壤速效钾临界值分别为 166.0、127.2 和 128.4 mg/kg.当钾肥当季利用率为 50%,籽棉(皮棉)目标产量为 2.5～9.0(1.0～3.6)t/hm2 时,第 1～5 级土壤的推荐施钾量依次为 0、30～108、60～216、90～324 和 120～432 kg/hm2.
Abstract
In order to lay a theoretical basis for soil testing and fertilization of cotton in the Northwest China planting region,Yangtze River planting region and Yellow River planting region,the scattered experimental data integration method,arcsine-log calibration curve and the nutrient balance-soil fertility difference subtraction method were employed to study the rich-lack index(RLI)of soil available potassium(SAK)and the recommended potassium fertilizer application rate(RPFAR)for cotton in these three major planting regions of China.The results showed that the RLIs of SAK in these three regions could all be divided into five levels.The RLIs of SAK for cotton in the Northwest China planting region for the 1st to 5th level were≥418,166-418,111-166,80-111 and<80 mg/kg,respectively.The RLIs of SAK for cotton in the Yangtze River planting region for the 1st to 5th level were≥357,128-357,81-128,56-81 and<56 mg/kg,respectively.The RLIs of SAK for cotton in the Yellow River planting region for the 1st to 5th level were≥213,129-213,102-129,85-102 and<85 mg/kg,respectively.The critical soil test values of SAK in the above three major planting regions were 166.0,127.2 and 128.4 mg/kg,respectively.When the targeted yield of seed cotton was 2.5-9.0(ginned cotton,1.0-3.6)t/hm2 and the seasonal potassium utilization was 50%,RPFARs for the 1st to 5th level soil from high to low were 0,30-108,60-216,90-324 and 120-432 kg/hm2,respectively.
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