Effects of fertilization strategies on annual nitrogen uptake and crop yield in vegetable-rice rotation systems
This study investigated the impacts of various fertilization strategies on the annual nitrogen uptake and crop yield in vegetable-rice rotation systems.Field experiments were conducted on crops across different seasons under both vegetable-vegetable-rice and vegetable-vegetable-vegetable rotations within a long-term positioning test.Two fertilization strategies were established in the two crop rotation system:recommended fertilization and practice fertilization.Nitrogen content and crop yield were measured for each season from 2020 to 2022,providing a basis for understanding differences in annual nitrogen uptake and accumulation,nitrogen fertilizer production,and their effects on economic benefits and crop yield under varying fertilization strategies and rotations.The results revealed that the recommended fertilization strategy led to a higher average annual nitrogen uptake and accumulation in the second(mustard leaf)and third(rice)crop seasons over the two rotation years,with a value of 415.71 kg/hm2.This was notably higher than the 381.43 kg/hm2 achieved under the practice fertilization strategy.The nitrogen harvest index for kidney bean crops ranged between 0.61 to 0.65 on the first and second rotation anniversaries,and no significant differences were found between the different treatments.In contrast,the nitrogen harvest index for rice crops was significantly improved with the recommended fertilization strategy,with values of 0.72 and 0.73 for the first and second rotation anniversaries respectively.This showed considerable improvement over the practice fertilization strategy,which only achieved values of 0.62 for both rotation anniversaries.It was found that the recommended fertilization strategy significantly improved the nitrogen uptake of the third crop in both crop rotation methods.Furthermore,a correlation analysis between nitrogen uptake and crop yield suggested that the recommended fertilization strategy enhanced crop nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency.The recommended fertilization strategy,combined with a vegetable-rice rotation,resulted in a higher annual output-to-input yield ratio of 1.79,compared to the value of 1.47 achieved with practice fertilization.Similarly,the average annual output-to-input yield ratio for the vegetable-vegetable rotation was higher when using the recommended fertilization strategy(1.56),compared to the practice fertilization strategy(1.36).The findings indicated that the recommended fertilization strategy resulted in a higher annual nitrogen uptake,accumulation,and crop yield compared to practice fertilization.This fertilization model could improve crop yield and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in vegetable-rice rotations,leading to superior crop yield benefits.
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