为进一步针对垄作田间农业生产制定高效的需水用肥策略提供科学支撑，将野外染色示踪试验和室内土柱水分入渗实验相结合，利用图像形态学解析、模拟入渗分析、熵权分析和灰色系统理论分析等方法，对垄作覆膜和垄作(对照)种植措施下的农地土壤优先流空间异质性特征进行分析，阐明覆膜种植措施下的垄作农地土壤优先流空间分布及其运动变化规律，揭示覆膜种植措施影响下的优先流与垄作田间土壤水分运动过程的作用关系。结果表明:在相同外部供水条件下，垄作覆膜种植农地的水分集中分布在0～10 cm 土壤表层，随着土壤深度的增加分布范围逐渐缩小，其土壤染色复杂程度随着土壤深度的增加先增大后减少。而垄作种植农地在10～30 cm土壤深度范围内的水分分布出现显著的指状优先流分化现象。同时，垄作覆膜农地土壤达到饱和状态的时间是垄作农地的1。36倍，其单位时间内的平均土柱水流出流量(质量流率为0。20 g/s)显著(P＜0。05)小于垄作农地(质量流率为0。35 g/s)，土壤优先流程度相较更高，土壤属性中饱和导水率对优先流程度影响最大。垄作覆膜种植措施相较垄作在一定程度上能够进一步降低农地土壤空间内优先流的发生及其分布，减少水分向土壤深层渗漏，起到一定程度的蓄水保墒作用。
Effects of plastic film mulching on spatial heterogeneity of soil preferential flow in ridge tillage farmland
In order to provide scientific support for further formulating efficient water and fertilizer strategies for ridge farming field agricultural production,combined field staining tracer experiments with indoor soil column water infiltration experiments,and the image morphological analysis,simulated infiltration analysis,entropy weight analysis and gray system theory analysis were applied.The spatial heterogeneity characteristics of farmland soil preferential flow under ridge film mulching and ridge(control)planting measures were analyzed to clarify the spatial distribution and movement of farmland soil preferential flow under ridge film mulching measures.The relationship between preferential flow and soil water movement process in ridge field under the influence of film mulching measures was revealed.The results showed that under the same external water supply conditions,the water of ridge-mulching farmland was concentrated in the 0-10 cm soil surface layer,and the distribution range was gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth.The complexity of soil dyeing was increased first and then decreased with the increase of soil depth.However,the water distribution of ridge planting farmland in the range of 10-30 cm soil depth showed a significant finger-like preferential flow differentiation phenomenon.At the same time,the time for the soil to reach saturation in the ridge-mulched farmland was 1.36 times that of the ridge-mulched farmland.The average soil column outflow per unit time(mass flow rate of 0.20 g/s)was significantly(P＜0.05)less than that of the ridge-mulched farmland(mass flow rate of 0.35 g/s),and the degree of soil preferential flow was higher.Among the soil properties,saturated hydraulic conductivity had the greatest influence on the degree of preferential flow.Compared with ridge planting,ridge planting could further reduce the occurrence and distribution of preferential flow in farmland soil space to a certain extent,reduce water leakage to deep soil,and play a certain role in water storage and moisture conservation.
万方数据
维普
