以新疆红枣主栽品种灰枣作为试验材料，油菜作为绿肥，在绿肥间作和非绿肥间作模式下，科学比较2种模式果园的土壤物理特征参数、土壤化学特性指标，土壤微生物群落情况，灰枣果实外观品质和内在品质及产量等指标，对绿肥间作模式的果园土壤肥力及果实品质的研究提供理论参考。结果表明，灰枣园种植绿肥后，对其土壤理化特性指标、土壤微生物群落情况，果实品质及产量均有不同程度的影响，绿肥果园0～20和21～40 cm 土层的土壤容重、比重和保水力均显著高于非绿肥果园，其中绿肥果园0～20 cm 土层的增高幅度高于21～40 cm 土层;与非绿肥果园0～20 cm 土层相比，绿肥果园0～20 cm 土层的有效磷、交换性镁、有效态铁含量均极显著增高，土壤有机质含量显著增高，pH值显著减小;绿肥果园21～40 cm 土层的有机质、水解氮、速效钾、交换性钙和有效态铜含量均极显著高于非绿肥果园21～40 cm 土层，其土壤有效磷和有效态锌含量显著高于非绿肥果园21～40 cm 土层;绿肥果园0～20、21～40 cm 土层的细菌、真菌和放线菌均显著高于非绿肥果园同样土层，其中绿肥果园0～20 cm 土层细菌的增高幅度最高，21～40 cm 土层放线菌的增高幅度最高，分别高2。2和5。0倍。果实品质方面，绿肥果园果实纵径、果实横径、单果重、果肉质量、总糖和总黄酮含量及糖酸比均极显著高于非绿肥果园，果核横径、可食率和可溶性固形物含量均显著高于非绿肥果园枣果，非绿肥果园果形指数和总酸含量均极显著大于绿肥果园枣果。总而言之，灰枣果园间作油菜在一定程度上能够改善土壤物理结构，增加土壤肥力和微生物群落情况，明显提高果实品质部分指标，但对果实表面颜色无显著影响。
Effects of green manure intercropping on soil fertility and fruit quality in "Huizao" Jujube orchard
The main variety of Xinjiang red jujube"Huizao"was used as experimental material,and rape was used as green manure.Under the green manure intercropping and non-green manure intercropping modes,the soil physical characteristic parameters,soil chemical characteristic indicators,soil microbial community,appearance quality and internal quality and yield of"Huizao"jujube fruit were scientifically compared between the two modes of orchard,providing a theoretical reference for the study of orchard soil fertility and fruit quality under the green manure intercropping mode.The results showed that the planting of green manure in"Huizao"jujube orchard had different effects on soil physical and chemical properties,soil microbial community,fruit quality and yield.The soil bulk density,specific gravity and water holding capacity of 0-20 cm and 21-40 cm soil layers in green manure intercropping orchard were significantly higher than those in non-green manure intercropping orchard,and the increase of 0-20 cm soil layer in green manure intercropping orchard was higher than that of 21-40 cm soil layer.Compared with the 0-20 cm soil layer of the non-green manure intercropping orchard,the contents of available phosphorus,exchangeable magnesium and effective iron in the 0-20 cm soil layer of the green manure intercropping orchard were significantly higher,the content of soil organic matter was significantly higher,and the soil pH value was significantly reduced.The organic matter,hydrolyzed nitrogen,available potassium,exchangeable calcium and available copper in the 21-40 cm soil layer of the green manure intercropping orchard were significantly higher than those in the 21-40 cm soil layer of the non-green manure intercropping orchard.The available phosphorus and available zinc in soil were significantly higher than those in 21-40 cm soil layers of non-green manure intercropping orchards.The bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in 0-20 and 21-40 cm soil layers of green manure intercropping orchards were significantly higher than those in the corresponding soil layers of non-green manure intercropping orchards.Among them,the bacteria in 0-20 cm soil layers of green manure intercropping orchards were the most significantly increased,and the actinomycetes in 21-40 cm soil layers were the highest,2.2 and 5.0 times higher,respectively.In terms of fruit quality,the fruit vertical diameter,fruit horizontal diameter,single fruit weight,pulp quality,total sugar content,total flavone content and sugar acid ratio of"Huizao"jujube in green manure intercropping orchard were significantly higher than those in non-green manure intercropping orchard,the fruit stone horizontal diameter,edible rate and soluble solid content were significantly higher than those in non-green manure intercropping orchard,and the fruit shape index and total acid content of"Huizao"jujube in non-green manure intercropping orchard were significantly higher than those in green manure intercropping orchard.In a word,intercropping rape in"Huizao"jujube orchard could improve soil physical structure,increase soil fertility and microbial community,significantly improve some indicators of fruit quality,but has no significant impact on fruit surface color.
万方数据
维普
