摘要
为明确夏闲季不同耕作措施对旱地麦田土壤理化特性和酶活性的影响,基于 2018 年开始设置在黄土高原与黄淮海平原交汇处典型旱作区洛宁县小界乡的夏闲季定位耕作管理大区试验,2020-2022 年研究了传统翻耕(CT)、一次深翻(DT)、免耕覆盖(NTM)、深松覆盖(STM)和深松垄沟覆盖(SRFM)5 种夏闲季耕作措施对旱地麦田土壤三相比、养分含量和酶活性的影响.结果表明,优化夏闲季耕作措施可改善旱地麦田土壤三相比,提高土壤养分含量和酶活性,总体以SRFM效果最好.与CT相比,STM和SRFM的三相比R值显著降低4.7%～28.2%和 10.9%～33.7%,DT、STM和SRFM在 0～40 cm土层土壤全氮含量分别提高 2.8%～11.2%、11.7%～21.4%和 15.6%～30.6%,有效磷含量分别提高 6.9%～39.5%、7.4%～68.8%和 13.6%～80.3%,速效钾含量分别提高 5.2%～19.7%、9.6%～25.8%和 13.8%～35.0%;土壤蔗糖酶活性分别提高 7.8%～21.5%、17.1%～75.9%和 27.9%～99.1%,脲酶活性分别提高 7.6%～97.0%、12.8%～165.5%和 23.5%～194.9%,过氧化氢酶活性分别提高 5.5%～15.2%、16.3%～26.7%和 20.8%～50.3%,增幅多达到显著水平且表现为SRFM>STM>DT,NTM可显著提高 0～10 cm土层但降低 20～40 cm土层土壤养分含量和酶活性.综合来看,夏闲季深松垄沟并结合秸秆覆盖的措施可改善土壤三相比,提高土壤养分含量和酶活性,是利于提高旱地麦田土壤质量的耕作措施.
Abstract
To explore the effects of different tillage measures during summer fallow season on soil properties and enzymes in soil of dryland winter wheat-summer fallow production system,a fixed field experiment(initiated in June 2018)of five tillage measures during summer fallow season was conducted at Xiaojie town,Luoning county,Henan province,a typical dryland at the intersection of Loess Plateau and Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.The tillage measures included conventional tillage(CT),once deep plowing tillage(DT),no-tillage with straw mulching(NTM),subsoiling with straw mulching(STM)and subsoiling plus ridge and furrow with straw mulching(SRFM).The three-phase ratios,nutrient contents and enzyme activities in soil in wheat field were investigated in 2020-2022.Optimized tillage measures during summer fallow season improved the ratios of three-phase and increased the nutrient contents and enzyme activities in soil of dry wheat fields,and SRFM had the best effect overall.Compared with CT,the soil three-phase ratios of STM and SRFM were significantly reduced by 4.7%-28.2%and 10.9%-33.7%,respectively.Compared with CT,in 0-40 cm soil layer under DT,STM and SRFM the total nitrogen content was increased by 2.8%-11.2%,11.7%～21.4%and 15.6%～30.6%,the available phosphorus content was increased by 6.9%-39.5%,7.4%-68.8%and 13.6%-80.3%,the available potassium content was increased by 5.2%-19.7%,9.6%-25.8%and 13.8%-35.0%,the invertase activity was increased by 7.8%-21.5%,17.1%-75.9%,and 27.9%-99.1%,the urea enzyme activity was increased by 7.6%-97.0%,12.8%-165.5%and 23.5%-194.9%,and the catalase activity was increased by 5.5%-15.2%,16.3%-26.7%and 20.8%-50.3%,respectively.Moreover,most of the increases reached a significant level and the performance was SRFM>STM>DT.Compared with CT,the nutrient contents and enzyme activities under NTM were significantly increased in 0-10 cm soil layer but decreased in 20-40 cm soil layer.Above all,the measure of subsoiling plus ridge and furrow with straw mulching during the summer fallow season should be recommend to improve soil quality in dryland wheat field because it can optimize the ratios of three-phase,improve soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in soil.
基金项目
河南省科技攻关项目(202102110087)
河南省旱地绿色智慧农业特色骨干学科群建设项目(17100001)
国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFD0300707)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据