首页|不同耕作方式和生物炭对土壤养分、酶活性和玉米产量的影响

不同耕作方式和生物炭对土壤养分、酶活性和玉米产量的影响

Effects of tillage methods and biochar on soil nutrients,enzyme activity and maize yield

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为探究灌淤土对不同耕作方式及不同生物炭添加量的反应,对其养分含量及酶活性进行测定,以期为河西走廊地区选择适宜的耕作方式与培肥制度提供科学依据.采用 8 年田间定位试验,设置 4 种耕作方式(N:玉米免耕,M:玉米少耕,F:玉米秋翻,S:玉米深松)和 3 种生物炭用量(B1:2.5 t/hm2,B2:5.0 t/hm2,B3:7.5 t/hm2)的交互处理,以玉米免耕不施生物炭为对照(CK),共计 13 个处理.结果表明:(1)在 0~20 cm土层,与CK相比,不同处理均能显著提高灌淤土土壤有机碳、速效养分和酶活性(P<0.05),不同耕作方式下土壤有机碳、速效养分含量及土壤酶活性随生物炭施用量增加而增加;(2)在 20~40 cm土层;与CK相比,不同处理均能提高灌淤土土壤有机碳、速效养分和酶活性,但各处理间差异不显著(P>0.05);(3)不同处理均能够增加玉米产量,但各处理间差异不显著(P>0.05),各施生物炭处理较CK处理增产效果在 0.07%~21.30%之间,FB3处理产量最高,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05);(4)相关性分析表明,土壤养分与土壤酶活性呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05).深松耕作配合生物炭添加能够有效提升土壤养分及酶活性,有利于作物生长,为该区较适宜的耕作方式,可施入 7.5 t/hm2 以上的生物炭作为灌淤土改良剂.
In order to explore the response of irrigated silt soil to different tillage methods and different biochar additions,the nutrient content and enzyme activity were measured,in order to provide a scientific basis for selecting suitable tillage methods and fertilization systems in the Hexi Corridor region.An 8-year field experiment was conducted with four tillage methods(N:no-tillage,M:less-tillage,F:autumn ploughing,S:subsoiling)and three biochar application rates(B1:2.5 t/hm2,B2:5.0 t/hm2,B3:7.5 t/hm2)in maize field,and without tillage and no application of biochar was the control(CK).The results showed that:(1)In the 0-20 cm soil layer,compared with CK,different treatments significantly increased soil organic carbon,available nutrients and enzyme activity(P<0.05).Soil organic carbon,available nutrients and soil enzyme activity increased with the increase of biochar application rate under different tillage methods.(2)In 20-40 cm soil layer,compared with CK,different treatments increased soil organic carbon,available nutrients and enzyme activity,but there was no significant difference among treatments(P>0.05).(3)Different treatments could increase maize yield,but there was no significant difference among treatments(P>0.05).Compared with CK treatment,the yield-increasing effect of each biochar treatment was between 0.07%and 21.30%,and the yield of FB3 treatment was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P<0.05).(4)Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities(P<0.05).Subsoiling tillage combined with biochar addition could effectively improve soil nutrients and enzyme activity,which was conducive to crop growth,and it was a more suitable tillage method in this area.Biochar above 7.5 t/hm2 could be applied as an important additive for the improvement of irrigated silt soil.

biochartillage methodsoil enzyme activitysoil nutrientyield

姜晓敏、杨彩红、程生煜、石昊

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甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃 兰州 730070

生物炭 耕作方式 土壤酶活性 土壤养分 产量

2024

中国土壤与肥料
中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 中国植物营养与肥料学会

中国土壤与肥料

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子:1.197
ISSN:1673-6257
年,卷(期):2024.(10)