摘要
研究不同种植密度及氮、磷、钾肥用量对绿豆产量单一指标及产量质量综合评价指标的影响,为绿豆高产优质生产提供理论依据和技术支撑.以密度及氮、磷、钾肥用量为试验因素,采用四元二次正交旋转组合设计,开展田间试验,测定干籽粒重、纯粮率、蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉 5 项产量质量指标,采用基于博弈论的组合赋权法综合层次分析法和熵权法权重,确定各单一指标权重,并运用逼近理想解的排序方法构建绿豆产量质量综合评价指标.建立密度及氮、磷、钾肥用量与产量单一指标及产量质量综合评价指标的二次回归数学模型,开展主因素、单因素、交互效应及优化方案分析.干籽粒重、纯粮率、蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉权重分别为 0.4070、0.2112、0.1246、0.0949、0.1623.当其他因素为中间水平时,绿豆产量单一指标及产量质量综合评价指标分别随密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量增加呈开口向下的抛物线型变化.各因素对绿豆产量单一指标、产量质量综合评价指标的主效应表现为密度>施钾量>施磷量>施氮量.密度、施氮量、施磷量、施钾量之间存在正交互作用.密度为173004～194590 株/hm2,氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为N 67.33～77.84 kg/hm2、P2O5 107.26～116.75 kg/hm2、K2O 86.90～90.81 kg/hm2,绿豆产量、产量质量综合均较优.
Abstract
To provide theoretical basis and technical support for high yield and quality production of mungbean,this research aimed to study the effects of different planting densities and application rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on single index of yield,and comprehensive evaluation index of yield and quality of mungbean.A composite quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation design of four factors and five levels was used in the field experiment,with density and application rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as experimental factors.Dry grain weight,pure grain rate,protein,fat,and starch were determined,and these five yield and quality indexes were weighted by combining the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method,using a combination weighting method based on game theory,and then the comprehensive evaluation index for yield and quality of mungbean was constructed based on dynamic technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution.The quadratic regression mathematical models were established between single index of yield,the comprehensive evaluation index of mungbean yield and quality,and density and application rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.Main factor,single factor,interaction effects and optimization schemes were analyzed.The weights of dry grain weight,pure grain rate,protein,fat and starch were 0.4070,0.2112,0.1246,0.0949 and 0.1623,respectively.Single yield index and comprehensive evaluation index of yield and quality showed a downward quadratic parabola in response to the increase of density,nitrogen application rate,phosphorus application rate and potassium application rate,respectively,if codes of other three factors were zero.The main effects of various factors on the single yield index and comprehensive evaluation index of yield and quality were as follows:density>potassium application rate>phosphorus application rate>nitrogen application rate,and there was a positive interaction between density,nitrogen application rate,phosphorus application rate and potassium application rate.When the density was 173004-194590 plant/hm2,and application rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were N 67.33-77.84 kg/hm2,P2O5 107.26-116.75 kg/hm2,and K2O 86.90-90.81 kg/hm2,respectively,the yield and comprehensive yield and quality were superior.
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