摘要
为了研究在水肥一体化减量施氮条件下黄芪养分吸收规律、肥料利用效率及增产效果.在科尔沁沙地设置对照(CK)、常规施肥+喷灌撒施(CS)、常规施肥+水肥一体化(CW)、减氮30%+水肥一体化(JW30%)和减氮50%+水肥一体化(JW50%)5个处理.分析黄芪养分吸收规律、肥料利用效率及经济效益.结果表明:(1)水肥一体化减氮技术显著提高了黄芪产量、品质和肥料利用率.其中JW30%处理效果较为明显,与CS相比,产量增加了5.48%,毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和甲苷分别提高了18.99%和7.18%.(2)在不同施肥策略下,JW30%处理吸氮量及肥料利用率显著高于其他处理(P<0.05).JW30%处理吸氮量达227.26 kg·hm-2,其次是JW50%处理,达207.62 kg·hm-2.与常规施肥(CS和CW)处理相比,JW30%处理氮肥吸收利用率分别显著增加了26%和24%,磷肥吸收利用率分别增加了9%和1%,钾肥利用率分别增加了8%和7%.(3)减氮30%+水肥一体化条件下,黄芪经济效益最优,与CS相比,纯效益增加了2793～4323元·hm-2.水肥一体化技术可以在减少氮肥施用量的同时,实现黄芪产量、品质、肥料利用率和经济效益的协同提高,最优施氮量是319 kg·hm-2,产量可达9810 kg·hm-2.研究结果对科尔沁沙地黄芪高效栽培技术提供理论依据和技术参考.
Abstract
The nutrient absorption patterns of Astragalus under reduced nitrogen application conditions with integrated water and fertilizer were investigated,in order to assess fertilizer utilization efficiency and yield improvement effects.Five treatment groups were established in Horqin sandy land,including a control(CK),conventional fertilization with sprinkler irrigation(CS),integrated water and fertilizer group with conventional nitrogen amount(CW),integrated water and fertilizer with a 30%reduction in nitrogen(JW30%)and integrated water and fertilizer with a 50%reduction in nitrogen(JW50%).The nutrient uptake pattern,growth characteristics,yield variation,fertilizer utilization efficiency,and economic benefits of Astragalus were analyzed.The results indicated that:(1)The nitrogen reduction technology of integrated water and fertilizer significantly improved the yield and fertilizer utilization rate of Astragalus in Mongolia.Among them,the effect of JW30%was more obvious,and the yield increased by 5.48%compared with CS.Glucoside and methyl glycoside increased by 18.99%and 7.18%,respectively.(2)Under different fertilization strategies,nitrogen uptake and fertilizer utilization rate of JW30%treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P<0.05).Nitrogen absorption of JW30%treatment was 227.26 kg·hm-2,followed by JW50%treatment,which was 207.62 kg·hm-2.Compared to conventional fertilization(CS and CW)treatments,the nitrogen absorption and utilization rate of JW30%treatment increased significantly by 26%and 24%,respectively,phosphorus fertilizer absorption and utilization rate increased by 9%and 1%,utilization of potash increased by 8%and 7%,respectively.(3)The combination of a 30%reduction in nitrogen and water and fertilizer integration technology resulted in the highest economic benefit for Astragalus.Compared to CS,the net benefit increased by 2793 to 4323 yuan·hm-2.Integrated water and fertilizer technology not only reduced the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application but also effectively enhanced both the fertilizer utilization rate and economic efficiency of Astragalus production in Mongolia.The optimal nitrogen application rate was found to be 319 kg·hm-2,resulting in a yield of up to 9810 kg·hm-2.The experiment provided a theoretical basis and technical reference for the efficient cultivation techniques of Astragalus in Horqin Sandy Land.
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