Effects of different planting ditch treatments on root growth and development of young apple trees
The effects of different planting ditch treatments on root growth and development of fruit trees were determined to provide a basis for promoting root development,improving the nutrient utilization rate and reducing the amount of fertilizer through appropriate planting ditch treatments.The study was carried out with 6 treatments,including planting ditch applied with organic fertilizer,organic material,aerobic bag controlled-release fertilizer,organic fertilizer+aerobic bag controlled-release fertilizer,organic material+aerobic bag controlled-release fertilizer and no treatment control.The newly planted young apple trees were taken as testing materials.The effects of different treatments of planting ditch on root growth and development were studied by minirhizotron combined with root excavation method.The results showed that the root density of organic fertilizer treatment and organic fertilizer+aerobic bag controlled-release fertilizer treatment was significantly higher than that of organic material treatment and aerobic bag controlled-release fertilizer treatment.The root density of 20-40 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that of 0-20 cm soil layer.The parameters of root length,root surface area,root volume,root tip number,branch number and crossing number of organic fertilizer+aerobic bag controlled-release fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of the control and other treatments,but the number of primary and secondary lateral roots was significantly lower than those of other treatments.For fine roots less than 2 mm,the treatment of organic fertilizer+aerobic bag controlled-release fertilizer was the highest.The planting ditch treatments improved the ability of root penetration to deep layer,and the treatment of organic material+aerobic bag controlled-release fertilizer was significantly higher than those of other treatments.The treatment of planting ditch increased the median lifespan of roots and significantly reduced the turnover rate of roots.Compared with the control treatment,the planting ditch treatment significantly increased the concentration of soil mineral nitrogen(ammonium nitrogen+nitrate nitrogen),available phosphorus and available potassium,and maintained the stability of nutrients.Except for the samples at November 20th,the soil oxygen concentration in the treatment of planting ditch was significantly higher than that in the control treatment at other times,and the soil oxygen concentration in the treatment of organic material+bag controlled-release fertilizer was significantly higher than that in other treatments.In conclusion,the application of organic fertilizer,organic materials,aerobic bag controlled-release fertilizer and combined treatment in the planting ditch improved the soil oxygen concentration to a certain extent,maintained the stability of soil nutrient concentration,significantly improved the parameters such as root density,root length,root surface area,root volume,root tip number,branch number and crossing number,reduced the root diameter,improved the ability of root penetration to deep layer and prolonged the median lifespan of roots,reduced the root turnover rate.The effect of organic fertilizer+aerobic bag controlled-release fertilizer treatment was the best.The effect of organic fertilizer treatment on soil oxygen concentration was less than that of organic material treatment,and had a greater effect on fine root.Organic material treatment and aerobic bag controlled-release fertilizer treatment had similar effects on root growth and development,and the two treatments had greater effects on coarse roots.
planting ditchorganic fertilizerorganic matteraerated bag-controlled release fertilizerroot systemgrowth and development
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