采用绿色、高效的方法实现活性基团与载体的连接是非均相催化剂构建的关键.通过二氧化硫(SO2)低温等离子技术在工业粉煤灰(CFA)表面进行含硫官能团的接枝改性,制备了固体酸催化剂CFA-HSO3,并将其用于木糖降解制糠醛.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、全自动比表面积(BET)及孔径分析仪、有机元素分析仪(OEA)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对样品进行了表征,并通过优化反应条件提高了催化反应中糠醛的产率.结果表明,SO2低温等离子改性后,样品表面成功接枝了含硫官能团,该方法还缩短了催化剂的制备时间.在水和4-甲基-2-戊酮(MIBK)体积比为1∶3的双相溶剂体系中,加入0.6 g木糖、0.2 g NH4Cl和0.3 g催化剂,于190 ℃下反应20 min,糠醛的产率可以达到89.6%,相较于纯水体系提高了47.9%.此外,CFA-HSO3还具有良好的催化稳定性和可回收使用性.采用的绿色高效的催化剂改性方式为糠醛的制备提供了一种新路径.
Sulfur dioxide low-temperature plasma modification of fly ash-derived solid acid catalyst and its catalytic performance in xylose to furfural conversion
Establishing a connection between active sites and supports using green and efficient methods is crucial for the construction of heterogeneous catalysts.The surface of industrial fly ash(CFA)was sulfurized through a sulfur dioxide(SO2)low-temperature plasma modification,resulting in a solid acid catalyst termed CFA-HSO3.This catalyst was then utilized for the conversion of xylose to furfural.Characterization of the samples was conducted using various techniques,including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area and pore size analysis,organic elemental analysis(OEA),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The yield of furfural in the catalytic reaction was enhanced by optimizing reaction conditions.The results indicate that the successful grafting of sulfur-containing functional groups onto the sample's surface after SO2 low-temperature plasma modification.This approach can also reduce the catalyst's preparation time.In a biphasic solvent system with a water-to-4-methyl-2-pentanone(MIBK)volume ratio of 1∶3,adding 0.6 g of xylose,0.2 g of NH4Cl,and 0.3 g of catalyst,and reacting at 190 ℃ for 20 minutes,the yield of furfural can reach 89.6%,which is 47.9%higher than that of pure water system.Furthermore,CFA-HSO3 exhibites excellent catalytic stability and reusability.This study introduces a green and efficient catalyst modification approach,offering a novel pathway for the preparation of furfural.
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