Research progress in characterization of metal-support interactions in catalysts
Supported catalysts are crucial in low-carbon catalytic conversion,and metal-support interactions is widely present in supported catalysts.These interactions play a vital role in determining the physical and electronic structure of these catalysts,and not only regulate the catalytic activity and stability of active metals but also enable the synergistic catalysis effect between metals and supports,thus promoting the selective catalytic conversion of low-carbon hydrocarbons,alcohols and other compounds.Hence,understanding the metal-support interactions is essential for the optimization of catalysts and exploring catalytic mechanisms deeply.The research progress in characterization of metal-support interactions using ex situ and in situ techniques were discussed.Ex situ characterization techniques,such as high-resolution electron microscopy,vibrational spectroscopy,X-ray spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy can investigate mass transport and charge transfer between metals and supports.In situ characterization techniques,such as in situ infrared spectroscopy,in situ X-ray spectroscopy and in situ electron paramagnetic resonance can characterize the strength changes of metal-support interactions,changes of interface structures and compositions of catalysts during reactions,as well as the dynamic charge transfer processes.
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