Research progress in liquid hydrogen refueling technology
The safe and efficient liquid hydrogen refueling is the key to its transfer,storage and use.The research progress of liquid hydrogen refueling technology at home and abroad was reviewed from three aspects,including refueling modes,refueling structures and refueling processes.In normal gravity environment,both venting and non-venting refueling can be achieved through the rational design of refueling structures and processes.A typical unvented top-refueling process consists of three stages:initial rapid pressure rise,relatively stable refill and final rapid pressure rise,while unvented bottom-refueling has no obvious stage characteristics.For normal gravity refueling,different top-refueling configurations mainly affect the pressure and temperature changes in the receiving tank at the beginning of refueling,while different bottom-refueling configurations also significantly affect the flow field characteristics at the beginning of refueling.Different refueling processes mainly affect the refueling process through the mechanisms of initial flashing,wall boiling,liquid-phase evaporation,gas-phase condensation and gas-phase compression.For liquid hydrogen unvented refueling in a microgravity environment,the influence of refueling location and refueling structure on the refueling process is less than that of different refueling processes.For unvented refueling of liquid hydrogen in a microgravity environment,the effect of refueling location and refueling structure on the refueling process is less than the effect of different refueling processes.The degree of thermal deformation of the liner wall during refueling is positively correlated with its cooling degree,and the region of thermal stress concentration does not depend on the distribution of thermal deformation.In order to accelerate the safe and efficient liquid hydrogen refueling in a wider range of application scenarios,it is necessary to further deepen the theoretical analysis,simulation research and experimental research on the refueling process.At the same time,combined with economic efficiency,the systematic simulation research on the refueling process needs to be strengthened.
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