Negativity:A case study of qiang(腔)as an auxiliary in Nanyang dialects
Qiang(腔),an auxiliary in Nanyang dialects,can be epistemic in the canonical modality system,conveying speculation.Qiang forms seven constructions,namely qiang zhuo(腔着),qiang de zhuo(腔得着),qiang bu zhuo(腔不着),shi qiang jiu wen(十腔九稳),bu qiang(不腔),bu qiang ba(不腔吧)and mei qiang(没腔).Qiang is highly correlated to,and then co-occurs with,negation at various levels.The form of mei qiang(没腔)simultaneously realizes three degrees of epistemic modality:possibility;not necessarily;impossible.Bu qiang ba indicates the speaker's disbelief and surprise,that is bu hui ba(不会吧).Bu qiang ba expresses unexpected information,which is opposite to the speaker's expectations.Its internal structure is relatively solidified and cannot be used separately,with a tendency towards interjections.Mei qiang indicates awkwardness and unreliability,with a tendency towards lexicalization.
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