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河南省土壤侵蚀时空分异特征及土壤保持经济价值

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
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  • NSTL
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掌握土壤侵蚀时空变化特征及其经济价值对流域综合治理和土壤保持功能的稳定发挥具有重要意义.现有研究通常采用多时相土壤侵蚀空间分布图的叠加和当量法来探讨土壤侵蚀的时空格局及其经济价值,往往忽视了土壤侵蚀的空间分异性和动态性.以河南省为例,基于RUSLE模型,通过降雨、土壤颗粒组成、土地利用类型、数字高程和遥感影像等数据确定模型中的参数因子定量分析2000-2020年区域内的土壤侵蚀时空分布特征,同时结合探索性空间数据分析ESDA和地理探测器方法探讨土壤侵蚀热点区域及其驱动因素,并采用替代成本法评估土壤保持功能及其经济价值.结果表明:1)河南省中轻度及以上的侵蚀面积整体呈减少趋势,在2015年达到最低;2)土壤侵蚀的空间分布与演化具有明显聚集效应,土壤侵蚀强度在空间上呈正相关分布(全局Moran's I指数介于0.450-0.705),"高-高"聚集区面积显著减小,聚集趋势表现为总体减弱且小幅扩散,土壤侵蚀热点区主要分布在安阳、鹤壁、济源和三门峡 4 个市域;3)降雨和坡度是主要影响土壤侵蚀的环境因素(单因素解释力q值:77.7%-79.1%和43.7%-82.2%),3.28×102-6.43×102 mm的降雨量和大于29.0°的陡坡均是土壤侵蚀的高风险区域,而植被覆盖度对土壤侵蚀过程有较强的抑制效果(单因素解释力 q 值:16.1%-19.4%;交互作用解释力q值:40.0%-83.9%);4)土壤保持经济价值波动明显,2000-2020年分别为8.36×109、8.21×109、9.26×109、3.52×109和7.17×109元.研究结果通过明晰区域土壤侵蚀现状及其驱动因素,可为提高土壤保持功能及其经济价值提供理论参考和决策依据.
Spatio-temporal Variations in Soil Erosion and Its Economic Value of Soil Conservation in Henan Province
Mastering the spatio-temporal variations in soil erosion and its economic value is of great significance for the comprehensive management of river basins and the stable performance of soil conservation functions.Most existing studies tend to use the superposition of multi temporal soil erosion spatial distribution maps and equivalence method to explore the spatio-temporal pattern and economic value of soil erosion,but the spatial differentiation and dynamics of soil erosion were often overlooked.Taking Henan Province as an example,based on the RUSLE model,the parameter factors in the model were determined through data such as rainfall,soil particle composition,land use type,digital elevation,and remote sensing images to quantitatively analyze the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of soil erosion in the region from 2000 to 2020.Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA)and the geographical detector method were employed to explore hotspot areas of soil erosion and their driving factors.The economic value of soil conservation was assessed using the replacement cost method.The results show that:1)the overall erosion area of moderate to mild and above in Henan Province showed a decreasing trend,reaching its lowest point in 2015.2)The spatial distribution and evolution of soil erosion in Henan Province displayed an obvious spatial aggregation effect,with soil erosion intensity showing a positive spatial correlation(the global Moran's I index ranged from 0.450 to 0.705).The area of the"high-high"aggregation zones has significantly decreased,and the aggregation trend has shown an overall weakening with slight expansion.The hotspots of soil erosion were primarily distributed in Anyang,Hebi,Jiyuan and Sanmenxia cities.3)Rainfall and slope were primary environmental drivers affecting soil erosion,with single-factor q values ranging from 77.7%to 79.1%for rainfall and from 43.7%to 82.2%for slope,respectively.Areas with rainfall of 3.28×102‒6.43×102 mm and steep slopes greater than 29.0° were high-risk areas for soil erosion.Vegetation coverage was found to have a significant inhibitory effect on the soil erosion process,with single-factor q values ranging from 16.1%to 19.4%,and the q values for the interaction of any two factors ranging from 40.0%to 83.9%.4)The economic values of soil conservation were notably fluctuating,with values of 8.36×109,8.21×109,9.26×109,3.52×109 and 7.17×109 yuan from 2000 to 2020,respectively.The research results can provide theoretical reference and decision-making basis for improving soil conservation function and economic value by clarifying the current situation and driving factors of regional soil erosion.

soil and water lossthe middle and lower reaches of the Yellow Rivererosion hotspotsenvironmental driving factorsgeographical detector

王美娜、范顺祥、舒翰俊、张建杰、褚力其、法玉琦

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河南财经政法大学工程管理与房地产学院/农业农村发展学院,河南 郑州 450046

河南大学地理学博士后科研流动站,河南 开封 475004

中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193

上海市建设用地和土地整理事务中心,上海 200003

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水土流失 黄河中下游 侵蚀热点区 环境驱动因素 地理探测器

国家社会科学基金教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金河南省软科学研究计划河南省高等学校人文社会科学研究资助性计划

21BJY18623YJC7900142224004101672022-ZZJH-022

2024

10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.05.007

生态环境学报
广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 广东省土壤学会

生态环境学报

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：1.608
ISSN：1674-5906
年,卷(期)：2024.33(5)
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