Characteristics and Differences of Soil Mineral Nutrients in Jiangmen City,Guangdong Province
Soil mineral nutrients are important indices for evaluating soil fertility,and are essential nutrient elements for the soil to supply crops.To reduce fertilizer amount and increase efficiency,rational fertilization of crops and improving soil quality of cultivated land,mineral nutrients in cultivated land soil of the main crops in Jiangmen City were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that the average pH of the cultivated soil in Jiangmen was 5.60 and more than 45%of the cultivated soil was acidified.Soil acidity in eggplant and melon vegetable fields,orchards,and paddy fields was stronger.The soil pH in Enping City and Pengjiang/Jianghai was significantly higher than that in other districts.The average soil organic matter content was 26.4 g·kg-1,with the highest values in Xinhui District and orchard soil,and the lowest in Enping City.The average values of alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen and available potassium content were 120 mg·kg-1 and 136 mg·kg-1,respectively,with the highest values in the Xinhui District,Pengjiang/Jianghai District,and orchard soils,and the lowest in Enping City.The available phosphorus content in 74.5%of the soil samples was very high,with an average value of 123 mg·kg-1.The mean values of exchangeable calcium,exchangeable magnesium,available boron and available silicon in soils were 2.02 cmol·kg-1,0.650 cmol·kg-1,0.650 mg·kg-1 and 132 mg·kg-1,respectively,with slightly higher contents only in Xinhui District,Pengjiang/Jianghai District and orchard.The variability of pH value was weak;organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available boron,and available silicon content were moderate;and available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,and exchangeable magnesium content were strong in the soil of different crops and districts,with coefficients of variation ranging from 9.43%to 17.0%,20.4%to 86.6%,and 55.4%to 143%,respectively.Compared with the results of the second soil survey,the cultivated soil in Jiangmen showed increased acidification,significantly increased available phosphorus content,and slightly increased organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,and available potassium content.In Jiangmen,the contents of organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were medium-high,the contents of available potassium,available boron,and available silicon were low,and the contents of exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were lacking.Therefore,the differences in mineral nutrients in the Jiangmen area are evident,and the differences in soil mineral nutrients in different crops and regions cannot be ignored.It is necessary for Jiangmen City to promote soil testing formula and precise balanced fertilization according to the overall principle of"controlling nitrogen,reducing phosphorus,improving organic matter,increasing potassium,stabilizing borosilicate,and supplementing calcium and magnesium".
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