The Jews who migrated from the Byzantine Empire,North Africa and other places since the eighth century formed the basis of the medieval European Jewish population.Before the migration,owing to the chan-ges in the external social environment and the internal impetus of Judaism,the Jews realized a professional trans-formation,and the non-agricultural occupation became the mainstream.Jews emigrate not only because of de-teriorating living conditions,but more to seek new business opportunities.After entering Europe,the intolerant socio-economic and religious environment made the input and output values of agriculture and handicraft indus-try unequal,so the Jews chose to engage in business.In the early Middle Ages,Jews dominated the distance trade.However,with the increasing proportion of commerce in the socio-economic structure of Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries and the non-Jewish competition,the Jews lost power and influence in long-distance trade.At last,the Crusades provided a strong impetus to finally drive the Jews from the commercial field.
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