Research on the Jewish International Commerce in Medieval Europe
The Jews who migrated from the Byzantine Empire,North Africa and other places since the eighth century formed the basis of the medieval European Jewish population.Before the migration,owing to the chan-ges in the external social environment and the internal impetus of Judaism,the Jews realized a professional trans-formation,and the non-agricultural occupation became the mainstream.Jews emigrate not only because of de-teriorating living conditions,but more to seek new business opportunities.After entering Europe,the intolerant socio-economic and religious environment made the input and output values of agriculture and handicraft indus-try unequal,so the Jews chose to engage in business.In the early Middle Ages,Jews dominated the distance trade.However,with the increasing proportion of commerce in the socio-economic structure of Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries and the non-Jewish competition,the Jews lost power and influence in long-distance trade.At last,the Crusades provided a strong impetus to finally drive the Jews from the commercial field.
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