Research progress of bortezomib in the treatment of refractory autoimmune encephalitis
Autoimmune encephalitis(AE)is an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system,characterized by autoimmune mechanisms.The most prevalent form is encephalitis associated with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)antibodies.Treatment for AE can be categorized into immunotherapy,symptomatic management,supportive care,and rehabilitation.Among these,immunotherapy is paramount and it includes first-line,second-line,and long-term approaches.Patients with refractory AE,who show limited improvement even after two weeks of first-line immunotherapy,should be considered for intensified or adjunctive immunotherapy.Bortezomib(BTZ),a proteasome inhibitor,has emerged as a promising treatment option for refractory AE and has been increasingly utilized worldwide.This article provides an overview of the current research on the use of BTZ in refractory AE,both domestically and internationally.
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