Advances in research on risk factors and early diagnosis of metabolic bone disease in premature infants
黄友松 1马晴晴 1李静2
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作者信息
1. 山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院)研究生部,山东 济南 250117
2. 山东第一医科大学第二附属医院新生儿科,山东 泰安 271000
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摘要
早产儿代谢性骨病(metabolic bone disease of prematurity,MBDP)依然是早产儿、低出生体重儿的重要共病,该病是由机体钙磷代谢紊乱导致骨矿物质含量减少的一种疾病,病理表现为骨小梁数量减少、骨皮质变薄等骨骼改变,由于大多数患儿缺乏明显的临床症状和体征,该病的早期发现和诊断具有一定的挑战性,往往在出现佝偻病表现或病理性骨折时才被察觉,而对于需要筛查的患儿,其潜在危险因素较为明确.但对这种代谢性骨病的诊断、管理和治疗仍存在争议,因此,应重视对本病的认识并早发现、早诊断、早治疗.本文主要对该疾病的病因及危险因素、临床诊断、早期实验室检查、影像学检查进行综述,以便尽早预防.
Abstract
Metabolic bone disease in preterm infants remains a significant comorbidity in preterm and low birth weight infants.This disease is characterized by a reduction in bone mineral content due to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism,with pathological features including a decrease in the number of trabeculae and thinning of the cortical bone.As most affected infants lack typical clinical symptoms and signs,early detection and diagnosis of metabolic bone disease are challenging,only being discovered when rickets manifestations or pathological fractures occur.Although there is substantial consensus on potential risk factors for infants requiring screening,controversies still exist regarding the diagnosis,management,and treatment of metabolic bone disease.Therefore,it is essential to enhance the understanding of metabolic bone disease to achieve early detection,diagnosis,and treatment.This article mainly reviews the etiology,risk factors,clinical diagnosis,early laboratory examinations,and radiological examinations of this disease,aiming to facilitate early prevention.
关键词
早产儿代谢性骨病/早期实验室检查/骨代谢标志物/血钙/血磷
Key words
metabolic bone disease of prematurity/early diagnosis/biomarkers/calcium/phosphorus
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