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新时代中国外交战略目标、原则和重点

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当前,世界之变、时代之变、历史之变正以前所未有的方式展开。全球性问题尖锐复杂、大国博弈日趋激烈、地缘政治竞争加剧,国际形势中不稳定、不确定、不安全因素日益突出。面对世界进入新的动荡变革期的复杂局面,在习近平外交思想指引下,中国外交在具体举措方面如何不断创新突破,为中国式现代化创造有利的外部环境?如何为动荡的世界注入更多确定性?为此,本刊编辑部与同济大学政治与国际关系学院联合约稿,就上述问题进行了讨论。当下,从文明的角度来观察和审思全人类共同面对的问题十分必要,为深入寻求人类不同文明的相处之道,以文明交流超越文明隔阂、文明互鉴超越文明冲突,本期开始,"重识中国与世界"栏目正式更名为"文明交流与文明互鉴",亦特此说明。唐永胜教授指出,新时代中国外交应确立积极可行的战略目标,坚持合作共赢、积极塑造、寓攻于防、有效制衡、因势利导、知雄守雌、以迂为直、战略集中、运用复杂、内外统筹的战略原则,坚持和平发展的基本方向,立足长期博弈处理好中美关系,建设性经略周边,积极参与多边机制建设。李开盛研究员结合中国式现代化的特征厘清了其对国际环境的诉求,认为中国式现代化需要整体开放的经济环境、良性竞争的政治环境和相对和平的安全环境,进而分析我国面临的不利条件与有利条件,提出通过稳定大国关系争取重塑多极化格局、多点出发维护基于市场与公正的产供链、支持全球性国际机制发挥更大作用等建议。门洪华教授强调,在美国强化对华战略竞争之际,"泛安全化"倾向正在美欧日对华政策中凸显,"泛安全化"导致这些国家国内政治保守化、对外关系封闭化,严重影响全球政治、经济与安全体系正常运转,成为干扰破坏国际合作与全球治理的重要因素。中国需从理念、政策与制度层面进行战略应对。胡宗山教授认为,中国应以革命斗争时期的策略经验为指引,确定应对美国全面竞争的策略逻辑和策略框架。在充分考虑美国对华竞争策略结构的前提下,中国应将坚持独立自主、复合制衡等作为主要战略,将斗争联合两手并用、构建国际统一战线等作为主要策略。孙德刚研究员提出,中国需发挥区位优势,以"全球东方"为新突破,将周边外交升级为"大周边外交",在欧亚腹地拓展战略纵深,使大国外交、周边外交、发展中国家外交和多边外交连为一体,成为连接北方国家和南方国家的桥梁和纽带。李舒教授指出,科技问题的"政治化""武器化""国家化"和"意识形态化",使我国科技创新与发展面临诸多挑战。我国通过科技外交推动构建新型国际关系和应对全球变局尤为迫切,亟须在科技外交战略谋划、理论建设、工作布局、实践路径、风险防范等方面取得新突破。
Global issues are acute and complex.The game between major powers is becoming increasingly fierce,geopolitical competition is intensifying,and factors of instability,uncertainty,and insecurity in the international situation are becoming increasingly prominent.How can China's diplomacy continue to innovate and make breakthroughs to create a favorable external environment for Chinese-style modernization?How to inject more certainty into an uncertain world?To this end,the editorial department and the School of Political Science and International Relations of Tongji University jointly invited scholars to discuss the relevant issues.Professor Tang Yongsheng pointed out that in the new era,China's diplomacy should establish positive and feasible strategic goals,adhere to the basic direction of peaceful development,and actively participate in the construction of multilateral mechanisms.Researcher Li Kaisheng believed that Chinese-style modernization needs an overall open economic environment,a healthy competitive political environment and a relatively peaceful security environment.He proposed suggestions such as reshaping a multipolar pattern through stabilizing major country relations,and supporting global mechanisms to play a greater role.Professor Men Honghua emphasized that as the strategic competition between the United States and China intensifies,the trend of"pan security"is becoming more prominent in the policies of the United States,Europe,and Japan towards China."Pan security"seriously affects the normal operation of the global political,economic,and security system,becoming an important factor that disrupts and undermines international cooperation and global governance.China needs to respond strategically from the perspectives of ideology,policies,and systems.Professor Hu Zongshan believed that on the premise of fully considering the competitive strategy of the United States towards China,China should adhere to the main strategies of independence and self-reliance,compound checks and balances.Researcher Sun Degang proposed that China needs to leverage its geographical advantages,taking the"Global East"as a new breakthrough and upgrading its peripheral diplomacy to"Greater Peripheral Diplomacy",which integrates the diplomacy of major powers,neighboring countries and developing countries.Professor Li Shu pointed out that the politicization,weaponization,nationalization,and ideology of technological issues pose many challenges to China's technological innovation and development.It is particularly urgent for China to promote the construction of a new type of international relations and respond to global changes through science and technology diplomacy.

唐永胜

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国防大学国家安全学院

2024

探索与争鸣
上海市社会科学界联合会

探索与争鸣

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.72
ISSN:1004-2229
年,卷(期):2024.(1)