Human Nature-Needs:A New Perspective on Examining Civilization Types and Transformations
Most Chinese scholars limit their understanding of civilization types and transformations within the framework of"ancient-modern and China-West".However,this classification emphasizes the external characteristics of civilization,while overlooking the central aspect of civilization.By examining various civilizations from the perspective of human nature and needs,it can be observed that the external manifestation of human nature and its needs is culture,and the combination of cultural elements forms a civilization.Human nature and needs encompass elements such as material desires and physiological needs,self-preservation and security,shame and dignity,rationality and cognition,appreciation and aesthetics,as well as faith and transcendence.These elements give rise to various cultural elements that share the same structure and form the overall civilization type.Therefore,the inherent nature and needs of human beings constitute the essence of civilization and serve as the main criterion for classifying civilizations as well as guiding the direction and goals of civilization transformation.
human natureneedscivilization typecivilization transformationancient-modem and China-West
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