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新世界主义与世界文学点厾

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从人类命运共同体和百年未有之大变局的维度重审"世界文学",它便不仅是一个对象,而更成为一个问题。从歌德奠基性地提出"世界文学"概念并为其追溯以欧洲经典文学为基底的谱系开始,世界文学便不可避免地形成一种欧洲版本。近两百年来,世界文学虽经演化发展,旧的欧洲中心主义也发展为另一种新的西方中心主义,但包括中国在内的广阔的东方文学在其中尚未获得应有的重视与位置。进入21世纪,"世界文学"观念所包含的不对称格局和庸俗化理解首先迎来了西方内部的反思和重构,莫莱蒂、达姆罗什、卡萨诺瓦等一批学者以自身研究和文学史实践撬动了"世界文学"的坚硬底座。今天,"世界"不再是一个既定的对象或事实,而处在不断生成、流动之中(worlding)。作为动词的"世界"与此前《探索与争鸣》编辑部策划并推动的"讲理""说义'"味道""言情"一起构成"回归日常,回到常识"系列讨论的关键词。在这个意义上,我们当如何谈论一种生成中的"世界文学"?走出西方中心主义模式的世界文学如何可能?如何对中国文学展开面向世界文学的介入性研究?"中国叙事"如何参与世界文学的知识生产?中国学者如何在其中发出自己的声音?为回答以上问题,不久前上海市高峰学科比较文学与跨文化研究学科等单位联合主办的"概念·问题·谱系:世界文学"高层论坛在上海召开,与会学者开展了热烈讨论。编辑部在此基础上特约请相关领域专家撰文,重审大变局下的"世界文学"模式与格局。王宁教授追溯了"世界文学"概念的西方中心主义倾向,指出中国学者应以积极的姿态介入国际性理论讨论,从中国视角出发,通过与国际同行的对话,重绘世界文学版图。陈众议教授从外国语言文学学科危机及现代主义以降西方文学的问题出发,指出讨论世界文学应更多关注文学本体及其历史与常识,关心处于弱势的国族和发展中国家的声音,关注新的时代和历史契机孕育的新世界主义及世界文学。方维规教授围绕世界文学与全球化的结构性关系展开,指出相关研究应力避"全球化"沦为话语的空转,关注文学和文化在过去和现在如何被卷入全球化的进程,以及如何应对跨国族的后现代秩序。宋炳辉教授指出,世界文学并非简单是全世界文学的泛和,而气一个不断衍生的复数,是一种创造陛的、跨文化的、未完成的文学实践和文学事件,基于此"历史进程性"可展开对世界文学的"谱系研究"(,张辉教授认为,关于世界文学的讨论重点应挪移到"文学"上,抽象、宏观的世界文学是空洞的,只有从其体的文本、现象、文学自身历史出发,才能揭示文学为我们认识和展现世界复杂性与丰富性所提供的无限可能。刘洪涛教授以21世纪西方学界出版的三部代表性世界文学史著作为例指出,这一去西方中心主义实践可为中国学者借鉴发展,进而打开中国去西方中心的世界文学史写作新局面。张帆教授指出,"中国故事"对世界文学的介入式研究,旨在于全球化的多元文化语境中确立中国文化主体性,构建"中国故事"的世界谱系和方法论,探索具有世界性的中国故事话语机制和知识生产机制,从而补益中国文化"走出去"战略。
How is it possible for"world literature"to emerge from the Western centric model today?How to conduct interventional research on Chinese literature towards world literature?How does"Chinese narrative"participate in the knowledge production of"world literature"?How can Chinese scholars voice their own opinions?To answer the above questions,we invite experts from relevant fields to explore and re-examine the model and pattern of"world literature"under the great changes.Professor Wang Ning pointed out that Chinese scholars should actively participate in international theoretical discussions,starting from a Chinese perspective,and redrawing the world literary landscape through dialogue with international peers.Professor Chen Zhongyi pointed out that when discussing world literature,more attention should be paid to the literary essence,history,and common sense,the voices of disadvantaged nations and developing countries,and the new cosmopolitanism and world literature nurtured by new times and historical opportunities.Professor Fang Weigui pointed out that efforts should be made to avoid"globalization"becoming a mere idle discourse,and to focus on how literature and culture have been involved in the process of globalization in the past and present,as well as how to respond to the postmodern order of multinational groups.Professor Song Binghui pointed out that world literature is not simply the sum of all world literature,but a constantly evolving plural.It is a creative,cross-cultural,and unfinished literary practice and event that can be used to conduct a"genealogical study"of world literature.Professor Zhang Hui believes that only by starting from specific texts,phenomena,and the specific history of literature itself can we reveal the infinite possibilities that literature provides for us to understand and showcase the complexity and richness of the world.Professor Liu Hongtao pointed out that this practice of de-Westem centrism can serve as a reference and development for Chinese scholars,thereby opening up a new era of writing world literary history in which China is de Western centered.Professor Zhang Fan pointed out that the intrusive study of"Chinese stories"in world literature aims to establish the subjectivity of Chinese culture in the context of globalization and multiculturalism.

陈众议

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中国社会科学院学部

湖南师范大学

2024

探索与争鸣
上海市社会科学界联合会

探索与争鸣

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.72
ISSN:1004-2229
年,卷(期):2024.(6)