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"两个结合"与人大制度的伟大创造

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今年是全国人民代表大会成立70周年,同时恰逢全过程人民民主重大理念提出5周年。习近平总书记在中央人大工作会议上强调,人民代表大会制度是实现我国全过程人民民主的重要制度载体。这为新时代坚持和完善人民代表大会制度,发展全过程人民民主,推进社会主义民主政治建设指明了方向,提供了根本遵循。今天我们庆祝全国人民代表大会成立70周年,要把落脚点放在如何发展好、实现好全过程人民民主上。近日,上海市人大常委会研究室和上海市社会科学界联合会联合主办,《探索与争鸣》编辑部、上海市政治学会、长宁区虹桥街道党工委办事处等单位联合承办的"实现全过程人民民主的重要制度载体——庆祝全国人民代表大会成立70周年"学术研讨会,在全过程人民民主重大理念的首提地上海市长宁区古北市民中心召开。与会专家总结党带领人民建立、巩固、完善和发展人民代表大会制度的历史经验,探讨如何充分发挥人民代表大会制度在实现全过程人民民主过程中的重要制度载体作用,如何将人民代表大会制度优势更好转化为治理效能。浦兴祖教授认为,在毛泽东的"国体—政体"理论直接指导下,中国共产党人和中国人民选择并确立了人民代表大会制度作为政体,以适应和体现人民民主专政的国体。曾峻教授指出,"两个结合"让马克思主义政治原则落地生根,孕育并催生了人大制度这一新型政治制度,锻造了人类政治制度文明新形态。田雷教授通过分析全国人大法定的"五进制"时间构造,以及连带形成的"届+次"累计的机构命名,提出以"时刻"为方法来理解人大七十年历史的复杂时间构造。桑玉成教授将人大制度视为民主知识生产与民主素养培育之载体,指出人大制度不仅维系了新中国成立以来长期的政治稳定,而且创造并积累了人类的政治知识,丰富了人类的政治文明成果。程竹汝教授从根本政治制度属性、实现机制、实践形式三个方面,回答了人大制度在什么意义上构成全过程人民民主的重要制度载体。张贤明教授强调,协商民主是实践全过程人民民主的重要形式,人民代表大会制度作为全过程人民民主的核心组成和重要支撑,也必然要承担社会主义协商民主的功能、有着社会主义协商民主的基本实践。商红日教授以宪法的政治话语表达为视角,分析了全过程人民民主的宪法精神表达、宪法制度建设方位的表达,以及宪法实践叙事与全过程人民民主叙事的关系。孔繁斌教授主张构建适应全过程人民民主的政府治理能力,重点是在治理共同体发展中、在高效协同履职探索中、在与公众沟通中重构敬民之心的伦理能力、认知真实公众的沟通能力和非意图后果的预见能力。上官酒瑞教授指出,坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一是内在于人大制度理论与实践的一条主线,也是新时代坚持和完善人大制度必须遵循的法则。
This year marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of the National People's Congress,which coincides with the 5th anniversary of the significant concept of whole-process people's democracy being put forward.As we commemorate the 70th anniversary of the National People's Congress today,we must focus on how to develop and realize whole-process people's democracy effectively.To this end,we has jointly organized an academic symposium to comprehensively summarize the historical experience of the Party leading the people in establishing,consolidating,developing,and improving the people's congress system.The symposium also aims to explore how to give full play to the critical institutional carrier role of the people's congress system in realizing whole-process people's democracy,thereby better converting the institutional advantages of the people's congress system into governance effectiveness.Professor Pu Xingzu believes that under the guidance of Mao Zedong's"national system-political system"theory,the people of the CPC and the Chinese people chose and established the People's Congress System as the government system to adapt to and reflect the people's democratic dictatorship.Professor Zeng Jun pointed out that the"Two Combinations"have allowed Marxist political principles to take root,nurtured and gave birth to the new political system of the National People's Congress,and forged a new form of human political civilization.Professor Tian Lei proposed to understand the complicated time structure of the seventy year history of the National People's Congress with the method of"time"by analyzing the legal"five system"time structure of the National People's Congress and the associated"session+time"cumulative organization naming.Professor Sang Yucheng regards the National People's Congress system as a carrier for the production of democratic knowledge and the cultivation of democratic literacy.He points out that the National People's Congress system not only maintains the long-term political stability since the founding of the People's Republic of China,but also creates and accumulates human political knowledge,enriching the achievements of human political civilization.Professor Cheng Zhuru answered from three aspects:fundamental political system attributes,implementation mechanisms,and practical forms,in what sense the National People's Congress system constitutes an important institutional carrier of the entire process of people's democracy.Professor Zhang Xianming emphasized that consultative democracy is an important form of practicing full process people's democracy,and the system of people's congresses,as the core component and important support of full process people's democracy,must also undertake the functions of socialist consultative democracy and have the basic practice of socialist consultative democracy.Professor Shang Hongri explores the concept of whole-process people's democracy from the perspective of political discourse expression in the Constitution,analyzes the expression of the constitutional spirit of whole-process people's democracy,the orientation of constitutional system construction,and the relationship between constitutional practice narrative and whole-process people's democracy narrative.Professor Kong Fanbin advocates building a government governance capacity that adapts to the whole-process people's democracy,with a focus on the ethical ability to reconstruct a sense of respect for the people in the development of the governance community,in the exploration of efficient collaborative performance,in communication with the public,in the ability to recognize the real public,and in the ability to foresee unintended consequences.Professor Shangguan Jiurui pointed out that adhering to the organic unity of the Party's leadership,the people being the masters of the country,and governing the country according to law is a mainline inherent in the theory and practice of the National People's Congress system,and it is also a rule that must be followed in adhering to and improving the National People's Congress system in the new era.

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中共上海市委党校

2024

探索与争鸣
上海市社会科学界联合会

探索与争鸣

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.72
ISSN:1004-2229
年,卷(期):2024.(8)