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社会政策实施的扭曲逻辑与纠偏路径

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党的二十届三中全会吹响了进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的号角,大会强调,"高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务""在发展中保障和改善民生是中国式现代化的重大任务".作为首要任务的高质量发展是全方位的,其所牵系的"保障和改善民生"这一重大任务的制度体系的健全,集中体现为"社会政策的高质量发展".当前中国社会政策高质量发展的重点议题和关键环节是什么?迈向高质量发展的社会政策的制定和实施还存在哪些问题和瓶颈?支持高质量发展的社会政策的理论构建和自主创新路径是怎样的?对此,《探索与争鸣》编辑部特邀相关领域专家学者,以"增进人民福祉"为出发点和落脚点,围绕"迈向高质量发展的社会政策"组织研讨,希冀探索构建契合高质量发展目标和逻辑的中国社会政策体系,助力中国式现代化的全面推进.关信平教授认为,当前中国社会政策高质量发展的重点议题包括:提升我国社会政策的目标、提高全社会的总体福利水平、优化社会政策的主体与对象结构、完善社会政策的内容体系、提高社会政策的公平性、重视在高质量发展中社会政策对经济发展的促进作用、提高社会政策的运行效率、增强社会政策运行的弹性.张翼研究员认为,唯有将改善民生与坚持以人民为中心的社会政策相结合,方能以高质量的社会政策配置更好地推进中国式现代化进程.构建以人民为中心的高质量社会政策体系的关键在于三位一体的制度安排,即改革和完善就业政策、收入分配政策和消费激励政策.顾严研究员认为,"一老一小"社会政策正在从"有没有"向"好不好"转变.立足高质量发展阶段,是"一老一小"政策的逻辑起点.完善符合高质量发展要求的"一老一小"政策,要求以高品质生活为主攻方向,把握好养老保障和儿童保护的"底线"、普惠养老和普惠托育的"中线"、老有颐养和幼有善育的"高线",从社会、家庭和个人层面共同发力.岳经纶教授认为,要推动国家治理与社会发展更好相适应,需要更全面、系统地理解社会政策体系在中国式现代化进程中的作用,其已跳出社会控制、社会规制的范畴,不仅是社会经济治理方式的有机构成,更是推动高质量发展的重要体制机制.赵德余教授认为,以迈向高质量发展为目标,社会政策的实施应特别关注政策扭曲的矫正机制和社会科学研究的预警能力.从复杂的社会行为系统中梳理出政策实施的扭曲逻辑,能够提升政策实施模型的可实验性、可评估性和可预测性,增强宏观经济与社会政策目标取向及实施策略的一致性.彭华民教授认为,中国特色福利体制理论的知识生产实践伴随着中国经济从高速增长到高质量发展的转型过程,亦是高质量发展的社会政策的基石.其中,基于民生的福利需要和福利态度是中国特色福利体制理论的核心,混合型福利责任和福利提供组合是重点,整合式福利治理和多元福利组织是创新点,民生福祉是理想型目标.
Ensuring and improving people's welfare in development is a major task of Chinese path to modernization.What are the key issues for the high-quality development of China's social policies at present?What are the problems and bottlenecks in the formulation and implementation of social policies towards high-quality development?What are the theoretical construction and independent innovation paths of social policies that support high-quality development?In response,the editorial department invited experts and scholars in related fields to organize a discussion on the theme of"social policies towards high-quality development",hoping to explore and build a Chinese social policy system that fits the goals and logic of high-quality development,and help promote the comprehensive advancement of Chinese path to modernization.Professor Guan Xinping believes that the key issues for the high-quality development of China's social policies currently include:elevating the goals of China's social policies,enhancing the overall welfare level of the entire society,optimizing the structure of the subjects and objects of social policies,improving the content system of social policies,increasing the fairness of social policies,emphasizing the role of social policies in promoting economic development,enhancing the operational efficiency of social policies,and strengthening the flexibility of social policy implementation.Researcher Zhang Yi believes that only by combining the improvement of people's welfare with the people-centered social policy can we better promote the process of Chinese path to modernization with high-quality social policy allocation.The key to constructing a people-centered high-quality social policy system lies in the trinity of institutional arrangements,namely improving and perfecting employment policies,income distribution policies,and consumption incentive policies.Researcher Gu Yan believes that the logical starting point for planning"the old and the young"policy is to base on the stage of high-quality development.To improve the"the old and the young"policy that meets the requirements of high-quality development,it is required to focus on high-quality life,grasp the"bottom line"of pension security and child protection,the"middle line"of inclusive pension and inclusive childcare,and the"high line"of providing proper care for the elderly and providing good education for the young,and to work together from the social,family,and individual levels.Professor Yue Jinglun believes that to better align China's national governance with social development,it is necessary to understand more comprehensively and systematically the role of social policies in the process of China's modernization.Social policies have transcended the scope of social control and regulation.They are not only an integral part of socio-economic governance,but also a crucial institutional mechanism driving high-quality development.Professor Zhao Deyu believes that the implementation of social policies should pay particular attention to the correction mechanisms for policy distortions and the early warning capabilities of social scientific research.The implementation of social policies involves various types of distortions stemming from multiple theoretical roots.By teasing out the logic behind these distortions from the complex social behavioral systems,we can strengthen the consistency between macroeconomic and social policy objectives as well as implementation strategies.Professor Peng Huamin believes that the production practice of theoretical knowledge on the welfare system with Chinese characteristics has accompanied China's economic transition from high-speed growth to high-quality development.The people's welfare is the ideal goal of the theory of the welfare system with Chinese characteristics.

赵德余

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复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院

2024

探索与争鸣
上海市社会科学界联合会

探索与争鸣

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.72
ISSN:1004-2229
年,卷(期):2024.(9)