By exploring Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN),the article introduces the development and application of deep learning as well as the basic ideas and application areas of GAN.Then the basic theory of GAN is elaborated,including generative mod-el and discriminative model,the basic principle and mathematical model of GAN,and the training method and algorithm of GAN.Then it introduces the improved algorithms and techniques of GAN and its applications in the fields of image generation,video generation,text generation,etc.,and discusses the practicality and reliability assessment of GAN.Finally,the trends and challenges of GAN are discussed,including future directions and trends,technical challenges and solutions,and social and ethical issues.