Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Shanxi Military Warfare in the Ming Dynasty
Based on the data of Shanxi military warfare in the Ming Dynasty as recorded in Ming Shilu,with Fu and Zhou as primary research units,the study explored the temporal and spatial distribution char-acteristics of Shanxi military warfare through a combination of statistical and spatiotemporal analysis,and on this basis,the study further examined evolution patterns of Shanxi warfare during the Ming Dynasty.The results have shown that the changes in the number of Shanxi wars in the Ming Dynasty can be divided into two major phases,with 1570(the fourth year of Longqing's reign)as the dividing point.The fre-quency and scale of wars are higher in the former phase than in the later phase.In terms of spatial distri-bution,there is a"dual-core cluster"densely distributed area with Datong and the Outer Three Passes as centers.The spatial distribution exhibited a regional imbalance of more in the north and less in the south,with its center shifting gradually from north to south over time.The changes in the temporal and spatial patterns of Shanxi warfare in the Ming Dynasty were closely related to the adjustments in the central gov-ernment's foreign policies and the military conflicts along the frontiers.
Shanxi in Ming Dynastymilitary warfaretemporal and spatial distribution