论宪法基本权利条款的域外效力及边界
The Extraterritorial Effect of Fundamental Rights and Its Boundary
于亮1
作者信息
摘要
当前,中国宪法基本权利研究忽视了基本权利条款的域外空间效力,对基本权利条款域外适用问题重视不足.立足国际交往日益频繁的时代背景,需要重新思考宪法基本权利条款的适用范围,对传统的以领土边界为限的国家义务观念进行审视.同其他部门法一样,宪法的基本权利章节同样具有强大的域外适用潜力,即在国家领土外的人在一定条件下可向国家主张基本权利,相应地国家需承担在域外尊重和保障其基本权利的义务.比较法经验表明,基本权利条款域外适用在经济全球化时代已是大势所趋.我国宪法虽未明示域外空间效力,但基本权利条款域外适用有深厚的政治哲学基础,并可从宪法序言、我国加入的人权条约以及我国的国际关系立场获得解释动力.基本权利条款域外适用理论丰富了百年未有之大变局下宪法学的知识体系.
Abstract
Currently,the fundamental rights research in China has paid little attention to the extraterritorial application of fundamental rights articles due to an overlook of their spatial scope.This article challenges the territorial scope of State obligations in light of booming international relations.Like other branches of law,constitutional law has a great potential for extraterritorial application,as a consequence of which individuals outside of a State may claim fundamental rights towards the State.The comparative law study shows a strong trend of the extraterritorial approach of constitutional law across the world.Although the Con-stitution of China does not have a spatial clause,the extraterritorial application of its fundamental rights articles has a strong political basis,and can be justified by the preamble of the Constitution,the human rights treaties to which China is a party,and the China's political promise to the world.The extraterritorial ap-proach may enrich the knowledge of constitutional law in the world that is experi-encing unprecedented change.
关键词
宪法/基本权利/空间效力/域外适用/涉外法治Key words
constitutional law/fundamental rights/spatial effect/extraterrito-rial application/rule of law concerning foreign-related issues引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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