载人航天商业化的国际损害责任制度:困境与应对
The International Liability Regime for Damage in the Commercialization of Human Spaceflight:Dilemmas and Responses
龙杰 1陈文真2
作者信息
- 1. 深圳大学法学院
- 2. 深圳大学法学院空间政策与法律研究所
- 折叠
摘要
载人航天商业化的发展需要平衡外层空间的公共性和商业载人航天的私营性,国际损害责任制度对管控商业载人航天的成本和风险至关重要.国际外空法对国际损害责任进行了一般性、原则性规定,部分航天国家在国内法中对商业载人航天的损害责任予以明确.基于外空领域的现有责任规则,构建国际损害责任制度面临着责任主体和索赔主体不明、过失作为例外要件存在不合理、国际保险标准难统一、责任分配制度待完善的困境.对此,可考虑通过关联性确认责任主体和索赔主体、对损害统一适用绝对责任、引入强制责任保险、形成双重责任制度,为国家载人航天商业化发展提供制度构建思路;同时,促进国际社会达成共识,推动人类命运共同体理念在外空领域的进一步实现.
Abstract
The development of commercial human spaceflight requires a bal-ance between the public nature of outer space and the private nature of commer-cial human spaceflight.An international liability regime for damage is essential to manage the costs and risks of commercial human spaceflight.International space law provides general and principled provisions on international liability for dam-age,and some spacefaring nations have specified liability for damage in their na-tional laws.Based on the existing liability rules in the field of outer space,the construction of an international liability regime for damage is faced with the di-lemma of unclear liability subjects and claim subjects,the unreasonable existence of negligence as an exceptional element,the difficulty of unifying international in-surance standards,and a liability allocation system in need of improvement.To address the problems faced in the construction of an international liability regime for damage,the international community can identify the subjects of liability and claims through correlation,apply absolute liability for damage,introduce mandato-ry insurance rules,and form a system of dual liability,thereby providing ideas for the construction of a national legal system for the commercialization of hu-man spaceflight,and at the same time,facilitating the consensus of the internation-al community and the further realization of the concept of a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind in the field of outer space.
关键词
载人航天商业化/国际损害责任/外层空间法/空间物体/责任主体Key words
commercialization of human spaceflight/international liability for damage/outer space law/space objects/subjects of liability引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金研究青年项目(21CFX088)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据