国际法强制性规范的识别问题研究
Research on the Identification of Peremptory Norms of International Law
朱明新1
作者信息
摘要
1969年《维也纳条约法公约》的"姐妹条款"宣告了国际法中存在强制性规范,但此种规范的识别仍是一个未解难题.就国际法强制性规范的识别理论而言,主要存在着法律理想主义和法律实证主义的分歧,这可能导致识别结果的不可预期性和投机性.国际法强制性规范不仅是学术研究的兴趣点,也逐渐成为司法裁决的依据.在此背景下,国际法委员会将国际法强制性规范的编纂列入工作议程,并在其二读通过的结论草案中,最终为国际法强制性规范的识别确立了"累加双要素"标准.这种以"累加双要素"为基础的识别标准同样存在不足,特别是具有方法论缺陷、识别机构不明确等缺点,同时也体现了国际法的危机模式,需要予以重视.
Abstract
The existence of peremptory norms in international law is pro-claimed by the"sister clause"of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties(1969),but their identification remains an unsolved problem.As far as the theory of identification of peremptory norms of international law is concerned,there is mainly a divergence between legal idealism and legal positivism,and it may lead to unpredictable and speculative results of identification.Peremptory norms are not only a point of interest for academic research,but also gradually becoming the ba-sis for decisions by domestic and international judicial authorities.Against this back-ground,the International Law Commission has placed the codification of perempto-ry norms on its agenda and,in its draft conclusions adopted on second reading,has finally established the criterion of a"cumulative two-factor"approach to the identification of peremptory norms.This"cumulative two-factor"identification crite-rion also has shortcomings that require attention,in particular methodological short-comings,lack of clarity as to the identifying authority and the fact that it reflects the crisis patterns of international law.
关键词
国际法强制性规范/识别/理想主义/实证主义/累加双要素Key words
peremptory norms/identification/idealism/positivism/cumulative two-factor引用本文复制引用
基金项目
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(16YJC820058)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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