The history of the development of the clean hands doctrine in inter-national law shows that its normative position has not been clear.The reason for this is the lack of systematic analysis and justification of the issue in international dispute resolution mechanisms,including ISDS.The development and operation of the clean hands doctrine in domestic law suggests that the rule constitutes a"gener-al principle of law"and makes clear that its essence is to impose a moral impera-tive on those seeking legal redress.However,there is confusion and bias in the ex-isting practice of ISDS regarding the application of the principle and its legal ef-fects,which further diminishes the existing practical value of the interaction of the norm with economic sanctions.A return to the theory of domestic law reveals that the"blocking law"provisions of various countries will likely serve as an intermedi-ate bridge between the interaction of the rule with secondary economic sanctions in ISDS.
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