As unilateral trade measures to address climate change involve the relationship between trade and climate,the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the World Trade Organization have taken actions and made some progress at the legislative and judicial levels respectively.However,their respective limitations in responding to unilateral trade measures related to cli-mate change,coupled with differences in procedures and rules in their response practices,have prevented the development of consistent and effective governance.Therefore,formal institutional cooperation and specific institutional harmonization can help bridge the differences and contribute to an effective response to unilateral trade measures related to climate change.