国际投资仲裁中自然人双重国籍认定问题研究——以"真实联系测试"的适用为视角
Research on the Identification of Dual Nationality of Natural Persons in International Investment Arbitration:From the Perspective of Genuine Link Test
王梦颖1
作者信息
摘要
国际投资协定普遍将自然人拥有缔约国国籍确定为判断投资者适格的关键,但这种宽泛定义却不足以解决双重国籍兴起引发的认定问题.真实联系测试作为传统外交保护领域的习惯国际法规则,其能否适用于国际投资仲裁领域往往是争端双方在管辖权方面的争论焦点.考虑到国际投资仲裁与外交保护在性质和目的上的显著差异,将真实联系测试直接移植适用于国际投资仲裁并不明智.更为恰当的方法应该是,区分自然人是否拥有东道国国籍,在尊重国际投资协定明确规定的基础上,辅之适用善意原则及禁止权利滥用原则,以此防范自然人将国籍国诉至国际仲裁或者恶意条约挑选的行为,这也是我国应对自然人双重国籍问题的可行思路.
Abstract
International investment agreements commonly regard the nationali-ty of natural persons as the pivotal criterion for determining qualified investors,but this broad definition is insufficient to address the identification issues stemming from the emergence of dual nationality.As a customary international law in diplo-matic protection,whether the genuine link test can be applied in international invest-ment arbitration has often become the focal point of dispute between the disputing parties concerning jurisdictional matters.Given the significant disparities in nature and purpose between international investment arbitration and diplomatic protection,it would be unwise to transplant the genuine link test to international investment ar-bitration directly.A more appropriate approach should be to distinguish whether a natural person possesses the nationality of the host state and,based on complying with the explicit provisions of international investment agreements,supplemented by applying the principle of good faith and prohibition of abuse of rights.This ap-proach can prevent natural persons from submitting their home state to international arbitration or engaging in bad faith treaty shopping,which also presents a feasible way for China to address the issue of dual nationality among natural persons.
关键词
双重国籍/外交保护/真实联系/条约挑选/权利滥用Key words
dual nationality/diplomatic protection/genuine link/treaty shop-ping/abuses of rights引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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