Objective To investigate the effects of Xueshuantong combined with oxiracetam injection on cognitive function and oxidative stress in elderly patients with cerebrovascular disease.Methods One hundred and twen-ty-eight elderly CSVD patients from August 2020 to August 2022 were selected.The patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 64 cases in each group.The observation group was treated with Xueshuantong injection combined with oxiracetam injection.The control group was only treated with oxiracetam injection.The course of treatment of both groups was 2 weeks,and one dose a day.The clinical efficacy,Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale(MoCA),MMSE,ADL scores and oxidative stress indexes were observed.Results After 2 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate in the observation group(85.93%)was significantly higher than that in the control group(73.44%)(X2=11.09,P<0.05);The comparison of each sub item of MOCA score between the two groups showed that the visual space and executive ability,naming,attention,abstract ability,delayed recall and orientation ability of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in language ability between the two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05);After treatment,the MMSE score,ADL score of the obser-vation group and the control group increased,and the MMSE score,ADL score of the and after treatment(P>0.05);The levels of serum SOD and GSH Px in the observation group increased significantly and MDA decreased significantly.There was significant difference compared with the control group and the same group before treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion Xueshuantong combined with oxiracetam injection can effectively improve the cognitive function and oxidative stress level of elderly CSVD patients.The total clinical effective rate is as high as 75.26%,which is worthy of clinical promotion and use.