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反思英国品格教育的公共性

Reflections on the Publicness of Character Education in the UK

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2010年以来,英国基础教育领域格外注重品格教育.但支持者与批评者就品格教育是否真正体现公共性的问题展开了激烈探讨.支持者认为品格教育包纳了对个体公共德性的培养,也通过提升个体的"软技能",促进社会阶层的积极流动,解决社会冲突与矛盾.批评者并不认可这种辩护,他们认为:第一,品格被视作一种"软技能",成为劳动力市场上的新的竞争资本.这种以竞争压力驱使人们接纳品格教育的做法压抑了个体在价值思考与选择上的主动性,也钝化了人们对社会矛盾的深入思考.第二,品格教育虽然囊括了对个体公共德性的培育,但仅局限于个体在日常社会交往中承担的道德责任,旨在培养对现有社会架构的"适应者",而非积极的反思者与变革者.我们不能简单地将个体层面可量化的利益加总起来直接推算品格教育对公共福祉的贡献,更需要考虑的是整个教育过程的价值性,看教育的过程是否能在直面社会及政治问题的基础上,鼓励个体的主动思考与自觉行动.
Since 2010,character education has gaining significant territory in public policies.But there has been academic debate regarding whether character education is over-ly individualized,lacking the spirit of publicness.Supporters of character education argue that character education incorporates education of individuals'civic virtues.Furthermore,character education is committed to solving social conflicts through facilitating society mo-bility.However,the critic literature disagrees these arguments.First,it indicates that'char-acter'is predominantly viewed as a set of soft skills to be developed in order to boot individ-ual labor market outcomes and wider economic growth.Such perspective could be viewed as a way of manipulating individuals'subjectivity.It also serves to protect the status quo of so-cial structure,hiding social conflicts.Second,critics point out that the emphasis on cultivat-ing individuals'civic virtues manifested in daily social interaction.It serves reproducing adapters of given social structure,rather than critical and reflexive agents of positive trans-formation.With a nod of the critics'argument,we believe that publicness of character edu-cation should not be inferred from quantifiable private benefits.Rather,whether individu-als'subjectivities can be defended and safeguarded by the education process is the core of pursuing public good.

UKcharacter educationpublicnesstherapy ethospolitics

王熙、侍晓坤

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北京师范大学教育学部,北京 100875

英国 品格教育 公共性 心理治疗文化 政治

教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(2020)

20YJC880096

2024

外国教育研究
东北师范大学

外国教育研究

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.654
ISSN:1006-7469
年,卷(期):2024.51(5)