Research on the Operation Mode,Implementa-tion Effect and Internal Tension of Excellence Programs in the Nordic Countries
As the external environment for universities has become more competitive and challenging in recent years,the Excellence Initiative has become a powerful policy tool widely used in many countries to enhance university competitiveness and drive national in-novation in science and technology.In the Nordic countries,research excellence programs that follow scientific reasoning dominate.By conferring rank,prestige and legitimacy on a few top institutions,the Excellence Initiative has turned the Nordic higher education sys-tem,which has traditionally valued equality and security,towards fragmentation and compe-tition.In selecting centres of excellence,the Nordic countries focus mainly on innovation and breakthroughs in research.They differs in the degree of institutionalization and flexibili-ty of the supervision and evaluation framework,but take the quality and influence of re-search as the evaluation focus.The Excellence Initiative has promoted the generation of breakthrough innovation results through clustering effect,which has not only improved the overall research output and its impact,but also exerted a positive impact on the academic profession and the research environment.However,in the implementation process,it also faces internal tensions such as centralization or decentralization of resource investment,dis-cipline distribution and integration of funds,length of funding cycle and sustainability.How to improve research performance while avoiding excessive fragmentation within the system,and balancing resource investment between winners and challengers as well as disciplines,are key challenges for the future implementation and optimization of the Excellence Initia-tive.
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