In the era of globalization and knowledge economy,doctoral education has increasingly become an important engine promoting and leading the economic and social de-velopment of countries,and enhancing and strengthening the sustainable capacity of nation-al development.Many countries are actively reforming doctoral education to enhance their global competitiveness and national development resilience.Driven by the multiple de-mands of enhancing national innovation capacity,integrating into the Bologna Process,and responding to the internal challenges of doctoral education,Sweden,Norway,Finland,and Denmark have undertaken extensive and profound reforms of doctoral education.The mea-sures of doctoral education reform in Nordic countries include the structuralization of doc-toral training models,the diversification of training orientations,the internationalization of training processes,the integration of training resources,and the coordination of training mechanisms.They follow the inherent logic of improving process quality,optimizing train-ing efficiency,and enhancing developmental resilience to cope with the multiple challenges of globalization and the knowledge economy era,and to achieve sustainable development.
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