"有+数量"结构事态编码的认知语法阐释
A Cognitive Grammar Interpretation of the"You/有+Numerals Construction"Encoding State of Affairs
莫启扬1
作者信息
- 1. 重庆大学外国语学院,重庆 401331
- 折叠
摘要
本文从认知语法的角度分析了谓语动词后"有+数量"结构的语法性质以及"有"字的功能和使用理据,认为"NP+VP+有+数量"序列是一种话题结构,以事件为话题,以事态为述题,是事件与事态的叠加,但凸显事态信息."有+数量"结构激活特殊的认知参照点构型,为"NP+VP"所代表的事件在相关梯度中做出事态定位.该事态定位是参照说话者的个体认知进行的,具有"主观判断"和"超出预期"的属性,这使其有别于无"有"常式句的客观陈述,也有别于动词拷贝句参照社团规约常量所做的事态定位."有"字的肯定叙述使其适宜用于强调事件、事态或数量的存在,有别于强调肯定的"是",也适宜用于增强主观性,弥补非作格动词因本身无得失义而在后接数量成分时主观性的不足.
Abstract
This paper examines the grammatical status of the"You/有+numerals"structure used after predicate verbs,and analyzes the functions and motivations of"You/有"from the perspective of cognitive grammar.It claims that the sequence of"NP+VP+You/有+numerals"is a topic-comment construction,with the event as the topic,and the state of affairs as the comment.It integrates the event and state of affairs,but highlights the latter.The"You+numerals"construction activates a special cognitive reference point configuration,which locates the state of affairs of the event represented by"NP+VP"in a corresponding scale,with reference to the personal cognition of the speaker,thus conveying a connotation of"subjective judgement"and"beyond expectation".This construction differs from the construction without"You",which denotes objective statement.It also differs from the"verb-copying construction",which locates the state of affairs with reference to the conventionalized standard of a community.The assertive use of"You"renders it proper for highlighting the existence of events,states of affairs or quantities,differing from the affirmative use of Shi/是."You"can also strengthen the subjectivity of unergative verbs followed by quantitative elements.
关键词
"有+数量"/事态/认知参照点/认知语法/主观性Key words
"You/有+numerals"/state of affairs/cognitive reference point/cognitive grammar/subjectivity引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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