因果关系事件的识解与概念化:基于汉语母语者的实证研究
Construing and conceptualizing causal events:An empirical research towards native nandarin speakers
刘娜 1李福印2
作者信息
摘要
作为人类认知中的一个基本概念,因果关系是哲学、心理学、语言学等学科的重要研究话题.不同语言的使用者对因果关系的识解和表征既存在共性,又存在特性.本文基于Langacker的识解理论,通过视频诱导实验考察了汉语母语者对因果关系事件的概念化过程.研究发现:(1)在概念化过程中,汉语母语者通常首先识解必有因果成分(使因事件和结果事件)以构筑概念基底,形成"因+果"单句和"因,果"复句两种句法表征,这两种表征的详略度均较低.(2)基于概念基底提供的整体参照框架,时间维度识解机制促使部分汉语母语者注意到必有成分之外的细节.高详略度识解机制进而促使这些汉语母语者对语言表征进行补充、阐释及增容,最终形成因果关系子类(初始/持续因果关系)特有的构式表征.(3)初始因果概念可通过基本的、已符号化的持续因果概念、高详略度和时间维度识解机制予以激活和建构,两个概念间的转化可形成层级模型.本文首次通过实证研究探讨了详略度和时间维度识解机制对语言使用者建构和分化因果关系概念的驱动效应,并建立了汉语母语者识解和表征因果关系事件的认知模型,为进一步探究跨语言的因果关系事件感知和概念化奠定了基础.
Abstract
As a fundamental concept in human cognition,causation is an important research topic in disciplines such as philosophy,psychology,and linguistics.The construal and representation of causation have both common and specific features among users of different languages.Based on Langacker's construal theory,this study explores the conceptualization of causal events by native Mandarin speakers through a video elicitation method.It is found that(1)In the process of conceptualization,as a first step,native Mandarin speakers habitually attend to the indispensable components of causal events(i.e.,the causing and resulting event)to set up the conceptual substrate,using single and complex causative sentences,both with low specificity.(2)With the overall referential frame provided by the substrate,the temporal dimension construing mechanism drives some speakers'attention toward the details other than the indispensable components,and the high specificity construing mechanism assists speakers in filling in,elaborating,and adding details to their linguistic representations.As a result,the two subtypes of causation(onset/extended causation)are differentiated and their unique construction patterns are formed.(3)The concept of onset causation can be activated and constructed through the combination of basic and symbolized concepts of extended causation,high specificity,and temporal dimension construing mechanisms.The transformation between the two concepts constitutes a hierarchical model.This study first demonstrates that the two construal mechanisms,specificity and temporal dimension,drive the structuring and differentiation of the concept of causation.In addition,this study sets up a cognitive model for the construal and representation of causation based on data from Mandarin speakers,laying a foundation for further exploration of cross-linguistic perception and conceptualization of causal events.
关键词
因果关系事件/识解机制/详略度/时间维度/认知模型Key words
causal event/construing mechanism/specificity/temporal dimension/cognitive model引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据