To promote moderate scale agricultural operations is a necessary path for Chinese moderniza-tion of agriculture and rural areas,with the management of fragmented contracted land being a key link in the promotion.Among the governance models of fragmented contracted land,the legal technical path of"unified management of contiguous lands with their contractual rights intact"is to transfer land management rights un-der the"separation of ownership,contractual,and management rights",while the legal technical path of"uni-fied contractual rights for contiguous lands with contractual rights exchanged"is to exchange land contracting and management rights under the"separation of two rights".Rural collective economic organizations serve to coordinate and organize services in the management of fragmented contracted lands.They forge collective wills according to legal procedures and can also act as agents for contracted farmers when external transfer of land management rights occur,in order to overcome challenges in collective actions.The adjustment of con-tracted lands is limited to individual farmers and shall be carried out in accordance with legal procedures un-der the premise of meeting legal conditions.It is not allowed to expand the scope of contracted land adjust-ment by"disarranging and redistributing"in the name of management of fragmented contracted lands.
moderate scale agricultural operations/fragmented contracted land/rural collective eco-nomic organizations/contracted land adjustment/the system of separating the ownership,contractual and management rights for contracted rural land/land contracting and ma
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