Numerical simulation of perforation erosion effects during hydrualic fracturing treatment
To solve the problem that it is hard to determine perforation numbers at clusters due to the perforation erosion effects during hydraulic fracturing treatment,we set up numerical examples with a fully-three-dimensional simulator FrackOptima and a perforation erosion model established in a previous study.We investigated the effects of perforation erosion on six resulting parameters of fracturing treatment by using the boundary element method for discretization and the time-step algorithm for numerical simulation of coupled mechanics of solid and fluid.The six resulting parameters are configurations of final fractures,fracturing-fluid distribution,perforation pressure drop,perforation diameter,discharge coefficient,and downhole pressure.The results demonstrate that the effects of perforation erosion are negligible during conventional non-limited-entry treatment because both the value of perforation pressure drop and its instant change induced by perforation erosion are small,while they can not be neglected in simultaneous multi-fracture limited-entry treatment for development of unconventional reservoirs because the value of perforation pressure drop is large and its instant change induced by perforation erosion is significant.An eight-perforation per cluster produces appropriate perforation pressure drop to mitigate stress shadow effects,leading to a relatively uniform propagation of multiple fractures and ensuring downhole pressures in safe range for practical fracturing.
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