摘要
金属纳米粒子(MNPs)的广泛使用对生态环境造成了较大的风险并引起了广泛的关注;虽然已有关于对植物毒害以及植物对其吸收的相关研究,但是MNPs在植物体内转运和转化的机制仍未得到系统的阐明.系统地阐述了MNPs在高等植物木质部、韧皮部中的转运机制,以及其在植物体内的溶解转化和化学转化机制,同时探讨了影响MNPs在植物体内转运转化的影响因素.结果表明:(1)MNPs首先吸附在植物的根部或叶部,再通过质外体或共质体途经向植物内部转移;(2)植物对MNPs的转化机制主要包括溶解转化、化学转化和生物转化(酶降解、蛋白质功能化等);(3)复杂的理化和生物因素(如粒子的种类大小、表面电荷、植物种类等)能够影响植物对MNPs转运及其形态转化.以期为金属纳米粒子污染土壤的生态环境治理和人类健康风险评估提供参考依据.
Abstract
The extensive use of metal nanoparticles(MNPs)has posed significant risks to the ecological environment and has raised widespread concerns.Although there have been studies on the toxicity of metal nanoparticles to plants and their absorption by plants,the transport and transformation mechanisms of MNPs in plants have not been systematically clarified.The transport mechanisms of MNPs in the xylem and phloem of higher plants are systematically described,as well as their dissolution and chemical transformation mechanisms within plant tissues.Also,the factors influencing the transport and transformation of MNPs in plants are discussed.The findings indicate that:(1)MNPs initially adsorb onto the roots or leaves of plants and then transfer internally through apoplastic or symplastic pathways;(2)Plant transformation mechanisms for MNPs primarily include dissolution,chemical conversion,and biological conversion(enzyme degradation,protein functionalization,etc.);(3)Complex environmental factors such as particle type,size,surface charge,plant species,etc.,can affect the transport and morphological transformation of MNPs in plants.This review aims to provide a reference for the ecological management of soil contaminated with MNPs and the assessment of their risks to human health.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
维普
万方数据