Nattokinase is a type of alkaline serine protease primarily produced by the metabolism of Bacillus subtilis.It exhibits excellent thrombolytic effects and holds promise as a new generation of thrombolytic drugs.We start by explaining the molecular biology of nattokinase,including its gene composition,signal peptide,leader peptide,and the structure and function of the mature peptide.Then,we summarize the enzymatic properties of nattokinase,such as temperature,pH,ionic effects,and the best substrate type.Moreover,we analyze the tertiary structure and catalytic sites of nattokinase,and take the catalytic triad(Asp32,His64,Ser221)in the active center as an example to study the mechanism of nattokinase-substrate binding and catalysis.In addition,based on the existing literature,we give an overview of the current global research situation of nattokinase,including strain modification,isolation,purification,and formulation of various preparations.Finally,in the context of strain modification,isolation and purification,we make an analysis and prediction of the future research direction of nattokinase.For example,using gene editing techniques to engineer the metabolic pathways of the strain may increase the yield;using molecular imprinting technology for purification of nattokinase has great potential.
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